Seul: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

Shahar mamlakatning shimoliy-g'arbiy qismida Han Daryosi havzasida joylashgan. Seuldan 50 km shimolda esa [[Shimoliy Koreya]] joylashgan.

 

 

 

 

The city has been known in the past by the successive names Wirye-seong (위례성; 慰禮城, [[Baekje]] era), Namgyeong (남경; 南京, [[Goryeo]] era), Hanseong (한성; 漢城, [[Joseon Dynasty|Joseon]] era), and Hanyang (한양; 漢陽). Its current name originated from the [[Korean language|Korean]] word meaning "capital city," which is believed to be derived ''Seorabeol'' (서라벌; [[wikt:徐羅伐|徐羅伐]]), which originally referred to [[Gyeongju]], the capital of [[Silla]].<ref>[http://uk.holidaysguide.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-221948-seoul_history-i yahoo]</ref>

 

Unlike most place names in Korea, "Seoul" has no corresponding [[hanja]] ([[Chinese characters]] used in the [[Korean language]]). The recently-chosen [[Chinese name for Seoul]] is 首爾 (Shǒuěr), which sounds somewhat similar to "Seoul" when pronounced in [[Mandarin Chinese]].<ref>[http://goodcharacters.com/newsletters/summer2006-seoul-korea.html goodcharacters.com]</ref>

 

[[Image:Seoul Gyeongbokgung palace exterior view.jpg|220px|thumb|left|[[Gyeongbokgung]] against Bugaksan.]]

[[Image:Joseonperiod.jpg|260px|thumb|right|Old Seoul in the late Joseon period.]]

The history of Seoul can be traced back as far as 18 BC, when it was established as a settlement in [[Baekje]]. It's believed that the [[Wiryeseong]] site is in the boundaries of modern day Seoul. It has thereafter been the capital of the [[Joseon Dynasty]]. In the Japanese colonization period in the early 20th century, many historical and traditional parts of Seoul were changed. The city was almost entirely destroyed in the [[Korean War]], but an [[Yusin|aggressive economic policy in the 1960s and 1970s]] helped to rebuild the city very rapidly. In the 1990s, some important historical buildings were restored, including [[Gyeongbokgung]], one of the royal palaces of the Joseon dynasty.

 

Seoul is in northwest South Korea. Seoul proper comprises 605.39 km² of area, roughly bisected into northern and southern halves by the [[Han River (Korea)|Han River]]. The Han River and its surrounding area played an important role in Korean history. The [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]] strove to take control of this land, where the river was used as a trade route to China (via the [[Yellow Sea]]). However, the river is no longer actively used for navigation, because its estuary is located at the borders of the two Koreas, barred for entrance by any civilian. The city is bordered by eight mountains, as well as the more level lands of the Han River plain and western areas.

 

{{climate chart

|Seoul

In common with the rest of South Korea, Seoul has a generally [[humid continental climate]], despite the fact that the country is surrounded on three sides by water.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/country_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT002800 BBC Weather - Country Guide]</ref> Summers are generally hot and humid, with [[monsoons]] taking place from June until July. August, the hottest month, has an average temperature of 72 °F to 86 °F (22°C to 30°C) with higher temperatures possible. Winters are often very cold with an average January temperature of 19 °F to 33 °F (-7°C to 1°C) and are generally much drier than summers, although there are 28 days of [[snow]] in Seoul in each year on average.

 

[[Image:Teheran Ave night.jpg|right|200px|thumb|A view of [[Teheranro]], looking west.]]

The traditional heart of Seoul is the old [[Joseon Dynasty]] city, which is now the downtown area, where most palaces, government offices, corporate headquarters, hotels, and traditional markets are located. This area occupies the valley of [[Cheonggyecheon]], a stream that runs from west to east through the valley before emptying into the Han River. For many years, the stream had been covered by concrete, but was recently restored through an urban revival project. To the north of downtown is [[Bukhan Mountain]], and to the south is the smaller [[Namsan (Seoul)|Namsan]].

Seoul's most important streetcar line ran along Jongno until it was replaced by Line 1 of the subway system in the early 1970s. Other notable streets in downtown Seoul include [[Euljiro]] (을지로; {{lang|ko|乙支路}}), [[Teheranno]] ({{lang|ko|테헤란{{linktext|路}}}}, [[Tehran]] Street), [[Sejongno]] (세종로; {{lang|ko|世宗路}}), [[Chungmuro]] (충무로; {{lang|ko|忠武路}}), [[Yulgongno]] (율곡로; {{lang|ko|栗谷路}}), and [[Toegyero]] (퇴계로; {{lang|ko|退溪路}}).

 

{{main|Gu of Seoul}}

[[Image:Map Seoul districts de.png|thumb|right|250px|Seoul Districts]]

|}

 

 

Nearly all of Seoul's residents are [[Korean people|Korean]], with some small [[Overseas Chinese|Chinese]] and [[Japanese people|Japanese]] minorities. A rapidly growing population of international residents now represent about 2% of the total population.<ref>{{cite news

The crime rate in Seoul is very low and it is considered one of the safest major cities in Asia. The two major religions in Seoul are [[Buddhism]] and [[Christianity]]. Other religions include [[Shamanism]] and [[Confucianism]], the latter seen more as a pervasive social philosophy rather than a religion.

 

[[Image:Coexfile04.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[COEX Convention & Exhibition Center|COEX]] and the [[World Trade Center Seoul|World Trade Center]].]]

 

As the headquarters for some of the world’s largest corporations, such as [[Samsung]], [[LG]] and [[Hyundai]], Seoul has become a major business hub in Asia. Although Seoul accounts for only 0.6 percent of South Korea's land area, it generates 21 percent of the country's entire GDP.<ref>[http://www.lmg.go.kr/2006iaescsi/generalinfo/seoul.asp Welcome to KTC]</ref> Its per capita GDP ranks among the highest among large cities in the region.

 

As a major business and financial center, Seoul ranks fifth in the world in terms of the number of [[Fortune 500]] transnational companies headquartered there.<ref>Richard Child Hill and June Woo Kim. [http://www.msu.edu/user/hillrr/urbstudtxt.htm GLOBAL CITIES & DEVELOPMENTAL STATES]. Retrieved [[27 June]] [[2006]].</ref> Many international banks have branches in Seoul, including [[Citigroup]], [[HSBC]] and [[Mizuho Financial Group]]. One of the largest exchange banks, the [[Korea Exchange Bank]], is also headquarted in Seoul.

 

[[Image:Myongdong2.jpg|left|200px|thumb|A view of [[Myeongdong]].]]

{{main|Shopping in Seoul}}

The largest market in South Korea, the [[Dongdaemun Market]], is located in Seoul. [[Myeongdong]] is a shopping and entertainment area in downtown Seoul which contains some of the city's top stores and fashion boutiques. Nearby is the [[Namdaemun Market]] named after the [[Namdaemun Gate]]. [[Insadong]] is the cultural art market of Seoul, where traditional and modern Korean artworks, such as paintings, sculptures and calligraphy are sold. [[Itaewon]] is another notable shopping district in the city lined with boutiques and stores, mainly catering to foreign tourists and American soldiers based in the city. [[Shinchon]] is particularly popular with young people perhaps due to its proximity to some of Seoul's universities. The [[Gangnam district]] is one of the most affluent areas in Seoul and has popular modern shopping spots such as the fashionable and upscale [[Apgujeong-dong]] area and the [[COEX Mall]].

 

:''See also: [[Education in South Korea]], [[List of universities in Seoul]]''

 

There are a large number of [[university|universities]] in Seoul. Most of the country's most prestigious universities are located in Seoul.

 

[[Image:Seoul-Deoksugung-06.jpg|thumb|right|[[Deoksugung]].]]

[[Image:Gyeongbokgung-Gyeonghoeru-03.jpg|thumb|right|[[Gyeongbokgung]].]]

* [[commons:Seoul|Seoul gallery at Wikimedia Commons]]

 

{{reflist|2}}

 

 

{{Link FA|de}}