Pinyin: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

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{{Xitoy iyerogliflari transkripsiya tizimlari}}
'''Pinyín''' ({{lang-zh|拼音}}, ''pīnyīn''; rasmiy: {{lang-zh2|汉语拼音}}, ''Hànyǔ pīnyīn'', ''XanyuyHanyuy pinyin'', ya'ni "Xitoy tili tovushlarini yozish") – [[putunxua]] uchun [[romanlashtirish]] tizimi. [[Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi]]da rasmiy maqomga ega.<ref name="50th_birthday">{{cite web|publisher=[[Sinxua]]|date=2008-yil 11 fevral|title=Pinyin celebrates 50th birthday|url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/news/242463.htm|accessdate=2008-09-20|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/618zmi5vH?url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/news/242463.htm|archivedate=2011-08-23|deadlink=no}}</ref>
Pinyin 1958-yilda qabul qilingan bo‘lib<ref name="50th_birthday" />, uning muallifi [[Chjou YuguanYouguang]] hisoblanadi. 1979-yildan pinyin butun dunyoda XXRdagi nomlarni lotinchaga o‘girishning rasmiy vositasi sifatida qo‘llaniladi. U avval mavjud bo‘lgan [[Ueyd – Jaylz transkripsion tizimi|Ueyld – Jaylz]] va [[chjuin]] transkripsiyalarining o‘rnini bosdi.
[[Xalqaro standartlashtirish tashkiloti]] (ISO) pinyinni xalqaro standart sifatida 1982 yilda qabul qildi.<ref name="ISO1982">{{cite web|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=13682|title=ISO 7098:1982 – Documentation – Romanization of Chinese |accessdate=2009-03-01}}</ref> > [[Birlashgan millatlar tashkiloti]] esa 1986-yilda qabul qildi.<ref name=fox>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/14/world/asia/zhou-youguang-who-made-writing-chinese-as-simple-as-abc-dies-at-111.html |title=Zhou Youguang, Who Made Writing Chinese as Simple as ABC, Dies at 111 |work=The New York Times |date=14 January 2017 |author=Margalit Fox}}</ref>
 
2009-yil 1-yanvardan pinyin [[Xitoy respublikasi|Tayvan]]da rasmiy romanlashtirish standartiga aylandi. Lekin undan ta'lim yoki kompyuterda kiritish uchun emas, xalqaro tadbirlarda foydalaniladi<ref name="pinyin_tt">{{cite web|publisher=Taipei Times|date=2008-yil 18-sentabr|title=Hanyu Pinyin to be standard system in 2009|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/09/18/2003423528|accessdate=2008-09-20|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/618zoe38M?url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/09/18/2003423528|archivedate=2011-08-23|deadlink=no}}</ref><ref name="pinyin_cp">{{cite web|publisher=The China Post|date=2008-yil 18-sentabr|title=Gov't to improve English-friendly environment|url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national%20news/2008/09/18/175155/Gov%27t-to.htm|accessdate=2008-09-20|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/618zplw5a?url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national%20news/2008/09/18/175155/Gov%27t-to.htm|archivedate=2011-08-23|deadlink=yes}}</ref>.
Ammo Tayvandagi ba'zi shaharlar, korxona va tashkilotlar (asosan Tayvan janubida) bu o‘zgarishni qabul qilishmadi, ular "Pinyin - XXR bilan yaqin aloqalar vositasi bo‘lishi bo‘lishi mumkin", deb hisoblashdi. Shu sabab Tayvanda pinyindan boshqa romanlashtirish tizimlari saqlanib qoldi.<ref>{{cite book |last=Copper|first=John F.|date=2015|title=Historical Dictionary of Taiwan (Republic of China|url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=LkDxBQAAQBAJ&pg=PR15&dq=%22hanyu+pinyin%22+taiwan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi0zfivuu7XAhWMbrwKHSJVCkQQ6AEIVzAI#v=onepage&q=%22hanyu%20pinyin%22%20taiwan&f=false |location= Lanham|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|quote=But some cities, businesses, and organizations, notably in the south of Taiwan, did not accept this, as it suggested that Taiwan is more closely tied to the PRC.|page=xv |isbn=9781442243064|accessdate=4 December 2017}}</ref>
"Hanyuy" ({{Xitoycha|漢語|汉语|Hànyǔ}}) so'zi "Xan xalqining og‘zaki tili" degan ma'noni anglatsa, "Pinyin" ({{Xitoycha|拼音|拼音|Pīnyīn}}) so‘zma-so‘z tarjimada "yozilgan tovushlar" deganidir.<ref>The online version of the canonical{{clarify|post-text="According to which group?"|date=May 2016}} ''Guoyu Cidian'' ({{zh|t=《國語辭典》|labels=no}}) defines this term as: {{zh|t=標語音﹑不標語義的符號系統,足以明確紀錄某一種語言。|labels=no}} 'a system of symbols for notation of the sounds of words, rather than for their meanings, that is sufficient to accurately record some language'. See [http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/newDict/dict.sh?cond=++%AB%F7%AD%B5&pieceLen=50&fld=1&cat=&ukey=2123466121&serial=1&recNo=2&op=f&imgFont=1 this entry online].{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Retrieved 14 September 2012.</ref>
 
 
 
Pinyin 1958-yilda qabul qilingan bo‘lib<ref name="50th_birthday" />, uning muallifi [[Chjou Yuguan]] hisoblanadi. 1979-yildan pinyin butun dunyoda XXRdagi nomlarni lotinchaga o‘girishning rasmiy vositasi sifatida qo‘llaniladi. U avval mavjud bo‘lgan [[Ueyd – Jaylz transkripsion tizimi|Ueyld – Jaylz]] va [[chjuin]] transkripsiyalarining o‘rnini bosdi.
[[Xalqaro standartlashtirish tashkiloti]] (ISO) pinyinni xalqaro standart sifatida 1982 yilda qabul qildi.<ref name="ISO1982">{{cite web|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=13682|title=ISO 7098:1982 – Documentation – Romanization of Chinese |accessdate=2009-03-01}}</ref> > [[Birlashgan millatlar tashkiloti]] esa 1986-yilda qabul qildi.<ref name=fox>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/14/world/asia/zhou-youguang-who-made-writing-chinese-as-simple-as-abc-dies-at-111.html |title=Zhou Youguang, Who Made Writing Chinese as Simple as ABC, Dies at 111 |work=The New York Times |date=14 January 2017 |author=Margalit Fox}}</ref>
Pinyinda lotin alifbosining V belgisidan tashqari qolgan barcha belgilari ishtirok etadi, ularga Ü ([[Ü (lotincha)|u-umlyaut]] qo‘shilgan; kompyuterda yozishda V belgisi o‘rniga Ü belgisini ishlatish mumkin).
Pinyinda tovushlarni belgilash uchun [[diakritik belgilar]]dan foydalaniladi. Ulardan asosan o‘quv adabiyotlarida foydalaniladi. Lug‘atlarda pinyinda yozilgan so‘z oxirida tovush raqami qo‘yiladi, masalan: ''dong2'' yoki ''dong²'' (= ''dóng'').