Pinyin: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

'''Pinyín''' ({{lang-zh|拼音}}, ''pīnyīn''; rasmiy: {{lang-zh2|汉语拼音}}, ''Hànyǔ pīnyīn'', ''Hanyuy pinyin'', ya'niyaʼni "Xitoy„Xitoy tili tovushlarini yozish"yozish“) – — [[putunxua]] uchun [[romanlashtirish]] tizimi. [[Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi]]da rasmiy maqomga ega.<ref name="50th_birthday">{{cite web|publisher=[[Sinxua]]|date=2008-yil 11 fevral|title=Pinyin celebrates 50th birthday|url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/news/242463.htm|accessdate=2008-09-20|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/618zmi5vH?url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/news/242463.htm|archivedate=2011-08-23|deadlink=no}}</ref>

Pinyin 1958-yilda qabul qilingan bo‘lib<ref name="50th_birthday" />, uning muallifi [[Chjou Youguang]] hisoblanadi. 1979-yildan pinyin butun dunyoda XXRdagi nomlarni lotinchaga o‘girishning rasmiy vositasi sifatida qo‘llaniladi. U avval mavjud bo‘lgan [[Ueyd – Jaylz transkripsion tizimi|Ueyld – — Jaylz]] va [[chjuin]] transkripsiyalarining o‘rnini bosdi.

2009-yil 1-yanvardan pinyin [[Xitoy respublikasi|Tayvan]]da rasmiy romanlashtirish standartiga aylandi. Lekin undan ta'limtaʼlim yoki kompyuterda kiritish uchun emas, xalqaro tadbirlarda foydalaniladi<ref name="pinyin_tt">{{cite web|publisher=Taipei Times|date=2008-yil 18-sentabr|title=Hanyu Pinyin to be standard system in 2009|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/09/18/2003423528|accessdate=2008-09-20|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/618zoe38M?url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/09/18/2003423528|archivedate=2011-08-23|deadlink=no}}</ref><ref name="pinyin_cp">{{cite web|publisher=The China Post|date=2008-yil 18-sentabr|title=Gov't to improve English-friendly environment|url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national%20news/2008/09/18/175155/Gov%27t-to.htm|accessdate=2008-09-20|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/618zplw5a?url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national%20news/2008/09/18/175155/Gov%27t-to.htm|archivedate=2011-08-23|deadlink=yes}}</ref>.

Ammo Tayvandagi ba'zibaʼzi shaharlar, korxona va tashkilotlar (asosan Tayvan janubida) bu o‘zgarishni qabul qilishmadi, ular "Pinyin -„Pinyin — XXR bilan yaqin aloqalar vositasi bo‘lishi bo‘lishi mumkin"mumkin“, deb hisoblashdi. Shu sabab Tayvanda pinyindan boshqa romanlashtirish tizimlari saqlanib qoldi.<ref>{{cite book |last=Copper|first=John F.|date=2015|title=Historical Dictionary of Taiwan (Republic of China|url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=LkDxBQAAQBAJ&pg=PR15&dq=%22hanyu+pinyin%22+taiwan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi0zfivuu7XAhWMbrwKHSJVCkQQ6AEIVzAI#v=onepage&q=%22hanyu%20pinyin%22%20taiwan&f=false |location= Lanham|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|quote=But some cities, businesses, and organizations, notably in the south of Taiwan, did not accept this, as it suggested that Taiwan is more closely tied to the PRC.|page=xv |isbn=9781442243064|accessdate=4 December 2017}}</ref>

"Hanyuy"„Hanyuy“ ({{Xitoycha|漢語|汉语|Hànyǔ}}) so'zisoʻzi "Xan„Xan xalqining og‘zaki tili"tili“ degan ma'nonimaʼnoni anglatsa, "Pinyin"„Pinyin“ ({{Xitoycha|拼音|拼音|Pīnyīn}}) so‘zma-so‘z tarjimada "yozilgan„yozilgan tovushlar"tovushlar“ deganidir.<ref>The online version of the canonical{{clarify|post-text="According to which group?"|date=May 2016}} ''Guoyu Cidian'' ({{zh|t=《國語辭典》|labels=no}}) defines this term as: {{zh|t=標語音﹑不標語義的符號系統，足以明確紀錄某一種語言。|labels=no}} 'a system of symbols for notation of the sounds of words, rather than for their meanings, that is sufficient to accurately record some language'languageʼ. See [http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/newDict/dict.sh?cond=++%AB%F7%AD%B5&pieceLen=50&fld=1&cat=&ukey=2123466121&serial=1&recNo=2&op=f&imgFont=1 this entry online].{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Retrieved 14 September 2012.</ref>

Pinyinda lotin alifbosining V belgisidan tashqari qolgan barcha belgilari ishtirok etadi, ularga Ü ([[Ü (lotincha)|u-umlyaut]] qo‘shilgan; kompyuterda yozishda V belgisi o‘rniga Ü belgisini ishlatish mumkin).

Pinyin bo‘yicha [[Putunxua|Xitoy adabiy tili]]da [[shen]]lar (initsiallar, so‘z boshidagi undoshlar) yozilishi quyidagi jadvalda ko‘rib chiqiladi. Har bir katakning birinchi qatorida [[Xalqaro fonetik alifbo]] tizimi bo‘yicha, ikkinchi qatorda – — pinyin bo‘yicha, uchinchi qatorda – — o‘zbek lotin alifbosidagi ko‘rinishi berilgan (ayrim tovushlarni aniq ifodalash uchun o‘zbek kirill alifbosidan ham foydalanildi).

|colspan="2;" style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[m]}}<br />m <br />m

|colspan="2;" style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[n]}}<br />n <br />n

|style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[p]}}<br />b <br />b

|style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[pʰ]}}<br />p <br />p

|style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[t]}}<br />d <br />d

|style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tʰ]}}<br />t <br />t

|style="background: #fcc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[k]}}<br />g <br />g

|style="background: #fcc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[kʰ]}}<br />k <br />k

|style="background: #ffc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[ts]}}<br />z <br />tsz (цзsz)

|style="background: #ffc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tsʰ]}}<br />c <br />ts (цs)

|style="background: #cff;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[ʈʂ]}}<br />zh <br />chj

|style="background: #cff;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[ʈʂʰ]}}<br />ch <br />ch

|style="background: #fcf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tɕ]}}<br />j <br />tsz’ [цзsz(ь)]<ref group="i" name="two">Bundan keyingi undosh  — ya/yu/ye.</ref>

|style="background: #fcf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tɕʰ]}}<br />q <br />ts’ [цs(ь)]<ref group="i" name="two"/>

|colspan="2" style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[f]}}<br />f <br />f

|colspan="2" style="background: #ffc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[s]}}<br />s <br />s

|colspan="2" style="background: #cff;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[ʂ]}}<br />sh <br />sh

|colspan="2" style="background: #fcf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[ɕ]}}<br />x <br />s’ [сs(ь)]<ref group="i" name="two"/>

|colspan="2" style="background: #fcc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[x]}}<br />h <br />x

|colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"| {{IPA|[w]}}<ref group="i">”w”"w" harfi shen (initsial) yoki so‘nggi bo‘g‘inning boshi bo‘la oladi va [{{IPA|w}}] yoki [{{IPA|u}}] kabi talaffuz etiladi.</ref><br />w <br />vu

|colspan="2;" style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[l]}}<br />l <br />l

|colspan="2" style="background: #cff;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[ɻ ~ ʐ]}}<ref group="i">{{IPA|/ɻ/}} fonetik jihatdan [{{IPA|ʐ}}] ([[jarangli retrofleks spirant]]) bo‘la oladi. Bu xitoy tilida gaplashuvchilar orasidagi individual farq hisoblanadi va ikki turli fonema borligini anglatmaydi.</ref><br />r <br /> j (“ajdar”„ajdar“ so‘zidagi)

|colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"| {{IPA|[j]}}<ref group="i">”u”"u" harfi shen (initsial) yoki so‘nggi bo‘g‘inning boshi bo‘la oladi va [{{IPA|j}}] yoki [{{IPA|i}}] kabi talaffuz etiladi.</ref><br />y <br /> ya/yu/ye<ref group="i"> O‘zidan keyingi unliga qarab o‘zgaradi.</ref>