Sitsiliya mafiyasi: Versiyalar orasidagi farq
Kontent oʻchirildi Kontent qoʻshildi
Tahrir izohi yoʻq |
„Sicilian Mafia“ sahifasi tarjima qilib yaratildi |
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Qator 3:
{{Jinoiy tashkilot bilgiqutisi|name=Sitsiliya mafiyasi|founding location=[[Sitsiliya]], [[Italiya]]|years active=XIX asr davomida|territory=Asosan Sitsiliyaning g‘arbiy qismi, Palermoning bir qismi, Trapani, Agrigento<ref>[[#refPaoli2014|Paoli (2014), p. 124]]</ref>|ethnicity=Sitsiliyaliklar|membership=2000 atrofida<ref>[[#refPaoli2014|Paoli (2014), p. 162]]</ref>|criminal activities=[[Reket]], giyohvand moddalar savdosi, qotillik, [[tovlamachilik]], [[kredit]], hujum, [[kontrabanda]], [[terrorizm]], noqonuniy qimor o'yinlari, fohishalik, o‘g‘rilik, pul yuvish, qurol savdosi, firibgarlik, shturm, odam o‘g‘rilash, talonchilik}}
'''Sitsiliya mafiyasi''', oddiy '''mafiya''' sifatida ham tanilgan va
== Etimologiya ==
''Mafiya''
Sitsiliya [[Sitsiliya amirligi|bir vaqtlar islom amirligi
* ''maʿafī'' (معفي) = ozod qilingan. Islom huquqida [[jizya]] musulmon mamlakatlarida istiqomat qiluvchi musulmon
* ''mahyāṣ'' (مهياص) = tajovuzkor maqtanish{{Sfnp|Gambetta|1996}}
* ''marfūḍ'' (مرفوض) = rad etilgan{{Sfnp|Gambetta|1996}}
Qator 16:
* ''Maʼafir'' (معافر) = [[Palermo|Palermoda]] hukmronlik qilgan arab qabilasi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=John Follain|title=The Last Godfathers|year=2009|publisher=Hachette UK|isbn=9781848942493|quote=Even the origin of the word 'mafia' remains obscure. Some believe its roots lie in the Arab domination of Sicily from 827 to 1061 and the Arabic word ''mahias'' (daring) or ''Ma àfir'' (the name of a [[Saracen]] tribe).}}</ref> nomi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Henner Hess|title=Mafia & Mafiosi: Origin, Power and Myth|date=1998|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=9781863331432|page=1}}</ref>
Bu
''Mafiya'' atamasi
{{Quote|“Mafiya” degan so‘zni talaffuz qilishdan bosh tortgan paytlar bo‘lgan... hozirgi kunda odamlar teskari yo‘nalishdan borib, haddan tashqari qo‘llanadigan atama bo‘lib qolgan... Men mafiya haqida haqiqatan ham uyushgan jinoyatchilik sohasi bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan, lekin mafiya bilan umumiyligi kam yoki umuman bo‘lmagan hodisalarni to‘plash imkonini beradigan har tomonlama ma’noda gapirish odatini endi qabul qilmoqchi emasman.{{sfnp|Lupo|2011|pp=1–2}}|[[Giovanni Falcone]], 1990}}
Mafia qonunlari (''pentiti'') ga
1984-yilda mafiya
Sitsiliya mafiyasi
''Cosa Nostrani'' Janubiy Italiyadagi boshqa mafiya tipidagi tashkilotlar, masalan, [[Kalabriya|Kalabriyadagi]] Ndrangheta, Kampaniyadagi Camorra yoki Apuliyadagi Sacra Corona Unita va Società foggiana kabi tashkilotlar bilan aralashtirib yubormaslik kerak.
== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}
== Adabiyotlar ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* Alcorn, John (2004). ''[http://www.comune.corleone.pa.it/file%20da%20scaricare/Saggi%20palermo1_Saggi%20palermo1.pdf Revolutionary Mafiosi: Voice and Exit in the 1890s]'', in: Paolo Viola & Titti Morello (eds.), ''L’associazionismo a Corleone: Un’inchiesta storica e sociologica'' (Istituto Gramsci Siciliano, Palermo, 2004)
* Arlacchi, Pino (1988). ''Mafia Business. The Mafia Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism'', Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]] {{ISBN|0-19-285197-7}}
* {{Cite book|author=Pino Arlacchi|translator=Marc Romano|date=1993|orig-date=1992|title=Men of Dishonor: Inside the Sicilian Mafia|publisher=Morrow|isbn=0-688-04574-X}}
* {{in lang|it}} [[Arlacchi, Pino]] (1994). ''Addio Cosa nostra: La vita di Tommaso Buscetta'', Milan: Rizzoli {{ISBN|88-17-84299-0}}
* Bandiera, Oriana (2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716113642/http://econ.lse.ac.uk/staff/bandiera/mafiaJLEO.pdf "Land Reform, the Market for Protection and the Origins of the Sicilian Mafia: Theory and Evidence"]. ''[[Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization]]'', Vol. 19, No. 1 (Apr., 2003), pp. 218–244.
* Chubb, Judith (1989). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20041223024115/http://www.holycross.edu/departments/history/tmcbride/mafia1.htm The Mafia and Politics]'', Cornell Studies in International Affairs, Occasional Papers No. 23.
* {{cite book|last1=Dickie|first1=John|author-link=John Dickie (historian)|year=2007|title=Cosa Nostra: A History of the Sicilian Mafia|publisher=Hodder|isbn=978-0-340-93526-2}}
* Dimico, Arcangelo, Alessia Isopi, and Ola Olsson. "Origins of the Sicilian Mafia: The market for lemons." ''Journal of Economic History'' 77.4 (2017): 1083–1115. [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/96660987.pdf online]
* [[Christopher Duggan|Duggan, Christopher]] (1989). ''Fascism and the Mafia'', New Haven: [[Yale University Press]] {{ISBN|0-300-04372-4}}
* Duggan, Christopher (2008). ''[https://archive.org/details/forceofdestinyhi00dugg/page/452 The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796]'', Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, {{ISBN|0-618-35367-4}}
* Fijnaut, Cyrille & Letizia Paoli (2004), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=iegCkMlnI_UC Organised crime in Europe: concepts, patterns, and control policies in the European Union and beyond]'', Springer, {{ISBN|1-4020-2615-3}}
* {{cite book|last1=Gambetta|first1=Diego|year=1996|orig-year=1993|title=The Sicilian Mafia: The Business of Private Protection|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3bv3tqWftYC|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=0-674-80742-1}}
* {{cite book|last1=Gambetta|first1=Diego|year=2009|title=Codes of the Underworld|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpPRsga98oYC|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0691119373}}
* Hess, Henner (1998). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=izNdhCqsh5QC&dq=henner+hess Mafia & Mafiosi: Origin, Power, and Myth]'', London: Hurst & Co Publishers, {{ISBN|1-85065-500-6}}
* {{cite book|last1=Lupo|first1=Salvatore|year=2009|title=The History of the Mafia|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmafia00lupo|publisher=New York: Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-13134-6|url-access=registration}}
** {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=slnQcUnl8D0C|title=History of the Mafia|date=2011|first=Salvatore|last=Lupo|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|isbn=9780231131353|access-date=2019-10-19}}
* {{cite book|last1=McCarthy|first1=Dennis|year=2011|title=An Economic History of Organized Crime|url=http://www.libertarianismo.org/livros/dmpmaehooc.pdf|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-81425-3|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403120958/http://www.libertarianismo.org/livros/dmpmaehooc.pdf|archive-date=2015-04-03}}
* Mosca, Gaetano (2014). ''[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00N5L4MOQ "What is Mafia."]'' M&J, 2014. Translation of the book "Cosa è la Mafia," Giornale degli Economisti, Luglio 1901, pp. 236–62. {{ISBN|979-11-85666-00-6}}
* {{cite book|last1=Paoli|first1=Letizia|year=2003|title=Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style|publisher=New York: Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-515724-9}}
*{{cite book|author=Letizia Paoli|title=The Oxford Handbook of Organized Crime|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199730445|ref=refPaoli2014}}
* {{cite book|last1=Raab|first1=Selwyn|year=2005|title=Five Families: The Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires|publisher=New York: Thomas Dunne Books|isbn=978-1-86105-952-9}}
*{{cite book|author=Leopoldo Franchetti|year=1877|title=Condizioni Politiche e Amministrative della Sicilia|publisher=G. Barbera|location=Firenze|url=https://archive.org/details/lasicilianel00sonngoog/page/n183/mode/2up/search/volgari|ref=refFranchetti1877}}
* Schneider, Jane T. & Peter T. Schneider (2003). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=f52WqN8pR14C Reversible Destiny: Mafia, Antimafia, and the Struggle for Palermo]'', Berkeley: [[University of California Press]] {{ISBN|0-520-23609-2}}
* Seindal, René (1998). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kJf-oKqos1YC Mafia: money and politics in Sicily, 1950-1997]'', Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, {{ISBN|87-7289-455-5}}
* Servadio, Gaia (1976), ''Mafioso. A history of the Mafia from its origins to the present day'', London: Secker & Warburg {{ISBN|0-436-44700-2}}
* Balletta, L., and A.M. Lavezzi (2019), “The Economics of Extortion: Theory and Evidence on the Sicilian Mafia”, Discussion Papers del Dipartimento di Economia e Management – Università di Pisa, n. 242 (http://www.ec.unipi.it/ricerca/discussion-papers.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123215810/http://www.ec.unipi.it/ricerca/discussion-papers.html|date=2018-01-23}})
{{refend}}
[[Turkum:Mafiya]]
[[Turkum:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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