Sharob: Versiyalar orasidagi farq
Kontent oʻchirildi Kontent qoʻshildi
yangi |
kTahrir izohi yoʻq |
||
Qator 3:
Sharob qadimiy ichimlikdir. Birinchi maʼlum sharob 8 ming yil muqaddam hozirgi [[Gurjiston]] hududida tayyorlangan.<ref name=independent8k>{{cite news |first=David |last=Keys |title=Now that's what you call a real vintage: professor unearths 8,000-year-old wine |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/now-thats-what-you-call-a-real-vintage-professor-unearths-8000yearold-wine-577863.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=28 December 2003 |accessdate=25 June 2008 |location=London}}</ref><ref name=archaeology96>{{cite journal |first=Mark |last=Berkowitz |title=World's Earliest Wine |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110605195324/http://www.archaeology.org/9609/newsbriefs/wine.html |publisher=Archaeological Institute of America |journal=Archaeology |volume=49 |issue=5 |year=1996 |accessdate=25 June 2008}}</ref>
==Production==
{{Main|Winemaking}}
{{See also|List of wine-producing countries|List of wine-producing regions}}
Italy was in 2009 the top producer on wine in the world, followed by France, Spain, the United States and Argentina.
[[File:World Wine Areas.jpg|thumb|500px|right|Main world wine areas]]
{| cellpadding=15 align=left
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Wine production by country 2009'''<ref>[http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/Production statistics: 2009 wine production in the world</ref>
! Place !! Country !! Production<br /><small>([[tonnes]])</small>
|-
!1
| {{ITA}}|| align="right"|4,769,900
|-
!2
| {{FRA}}|| align="right"|4,555,800
|-
!3
| {{ESP}}|| align="right"|3,250,600
|-
!4
| {{USA}}|| align="right"|2,062,000
|-
!5
| {{ARG}}|| align="right"|1,213,500
|-
!6
| {{CHN}}|| align="right"|1,200,000
|-
!7
| {{AUS}}|| align="right"|1,160,000
|-
!8
| {{CHI}}|| align="right"|986,900
|-
!9
| {{RSA}}|| align="right"|978,800
|-
!10
| {{DEU}}|| align="right"|918,000
|-
!11
| {{RUS}}|| align="right"|711,000
|-
!12
| {{ROM}}|| align="right"|560,000
|}
|}
{| cellpadding=12 align=right
|}
{{Col-begin|width=80%}}
{{Col-2}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Wine production by country 2006'''<ref name="FAO567">[http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations] production statistics</ref>{{Failed verification|date=May 2012}}
<ref name="FAO636">[http://faostat.fao.org/site/636/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=636 Crops processed] at the [[Food and Agriculture Organization|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)]] website</ref>
! Rank !! Country<br /><small>(with link to wine article)</small> !! Production<br /><small>([[tonnes]])</small>
|-
!1
| {{flagicon|France}} [[French wine|France]] || style="text-align:right;"|5,349,330
|-
!2
| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian wine|Italy]] || style="text-align:right;"|4,963,300
|-
!3
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spanish wine|Spain]] || style="text-align:right;"|3,890,730
|-
!4
| {{flagicon|US}} [[American wine|United States]]* || style="text-align:right;"|2,250,000
|-
!5
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Argentine wine|Argentina]] || style="text-align:right;"|1,539,600
|-
!6
| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian wine|Australia]] || style="text-align:right;"|1,429,790
|-
!7
| {{flagicon|China}} [[Chinese grape wine|China (People's Republic)]]* || style="text-align:right;"|1,400,000
|-
!8
| {{flagicon|South Africa}} [[South African wine|South Africa]] || style="text-align:right;"|939,779
|-
!9
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[German wine|Germany]] || style="text-align:right;"|891,600
|-
!10
| {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Chilean wine|Chile]] || style="text-align:right;"|802,441
|- style="background:whitesmoke;"
!colspan=2|World** || style="text-align:center;"|'''28,475,929'''
|}
<small><nowiki>* FAO estimate.</nowiki><br/><nowiki>** May include official, semi-official or estimated data.</nowiki></small>
{{Col-2}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Wine production by country 2007'''<ref name="FAO636" />
! Rank !! Country<br /><small>(with link to wine article)</small> !! Production<br /><small>([[tonnes]])</small>
|-
!1
| {{flagicon|France}} [[French wine|France]] || style="text-align:right;"|4,711,600
|-
!2
| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian wine|Italy]] || style="text-align:right;"|4,251,380
|-
!3
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spanish wine|Spain]] || style="text-align:right;"|3,520,870
|-
!4
| {{flagicon|US}} [[American wine|United States]]*** || style="text-align:right;"|2,259,870
|-
!5
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Argentine wine|Argentina]] || style="text-align:right;"|1,504,600
|-
!6
| {{flagicon|China}} [[Chinese grape wine|China (People's Republic)]]* || style="text-align:right;"|1,450,000
|-
!7
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[German wine|Germany]] || style="text-align:right;"|1,026,100
|-
!8
| {{flagicon|South Africa}} [[South African wine|South Africa]] || style="text-align:right;"|978,269
|-
!9
| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian wine|Australia]] || style="text-align:right;"|961,972
|-
!10
| {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Chilean wine|Chile]] || style="text-align:right;"|791,794
|- style="background:whitesmoke;"
!colspan=2|World** || style="text-align:center;"|'''26,416,532'''
|}
<small><nowiki>* FAO estimate.</nowiki><br/><nowiki>** May include official, semi-official or estimated data.</nowiki><br/><nowiki>*** FAO data based on imputation methodology.</nowiki></small>
{{Col-end}}
Wine grapes grow almost exclusively between thirty and fifty degrees north or south of the [[equator]]. The world's southernmost vineyards are in the [[Central Otago]] region of New Zealand's [[South Island]] near the [[45th parallel south]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wineoftheweek.com/regions/otago.html |title=New Zealand Wine Regions - Central Otago |accessdate=26 June 2008 |last=Courtney |first=Sue |date=16 April 2005}}</ref> and the northernmost are in [[Flen]], [[Sweden]], just north of the [[59th parallel north]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beer100.com/history/winehistory.htm |title=Wine History |accessdate=26 June 2008}}</ref>
===Exporting countries===
{{Col-begin|width=80%}}
{{Col-2}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Top ten wine exporting countries in 2006'''<ref name="FAO535">[http://faostat.fao.org/site/535/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=535 Crops and livestock products] at the [[Food and Agriculture Organization|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)]] website</ref>
! Rank
! style="width:140px;"|Country
! style="width:100px;"|1000 [[tonnes]]
|-
!1
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian wine|Italy]]* || style="text-align:center;"|1,793
|-
!2
|{{flagicon|France}} [[French wine|France]] || style="text-align:center;"|1,462
|-
!3
|{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spanish wine|Spain]]* || style="text-align:center;"|1,337
|-
!4
|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian wine|Australia]] || style="text-align:center;"|762
|-
!5
|{{flagicon|Chile}} [[Chilean wine|Chile]]* || style="text-align:center;"|472
|-
!6
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[American wine|United States]] || style="text-align:center;"|369
|-
!7
|{{flagicon|Germany}} [[German wine|Germany]] || style="text-align:center;"|316
|-
!8
|{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Argentine wine|Argentina]] || style="text-align:center;"|302
|-
!9
|{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portuguese wine|Portugal]] || style="text-align:center;"|286
|-
!10
|{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[South African wine|South Africa]] || style="text-align:center;"|272
|- style="background:whitesmoke;"
!colspan=2|World** || style="text-align:center;"|'''8,363'''
|}
<small><nowiki>* Unofficial figure.</nowiki><br/><nowiki>** May include official, semi-official or estimated data.</nowiki></small>
{{Col-2}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ 2006 export market shares<ref name="FAO535" />
! Rank
! style="width:140px;"|Country
! style="width:110px;"|Market share<br><small>(% of value in US$)</small>
|-
!1
|{{flagicon|France}} [[French wine|France]] || style="text-align:center;"|34.9%
|-
!2
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian wine|Italy]] || style="text-align:center;"|18.0%
|-
!3
|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian wine|Australia]] || style="text-align:center;"|9.3%
|-
!4
|{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spanish wine|Spain]] || style="text-align:center;"|8.7%
|-
!5
|{{flagicon|Chile}} [[Chilean wine|Chile]] || style="text-align:center;"|4.3%
|-
!6
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[American wine|United States]] || style="text-align:center;"|3.6%
|-
!7
|{{flagicon|Germany}} [[German wine|Germany]] || style="text-align:center;"|3.5%
|-
!8
|{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portuguese wine|Portugal]] || style="text-align:center;"|3.0%
|-
!9
|{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[South African wine|South Africa]] || style="text-align:center;"|2.4%
|-
!10
|{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[New Zealand wine|New Zealand]] || style="text-align:center;"|1.8%
|}
{{Col-end}}
The UK was the world's biggest importer of wine in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7827713.stm|title=UK tops world wine imports table|date=14 January 2009|publisher=BBC}}</ref>
== Manbalar ==
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