Xalifalik

Halifat (Arab tilida:خلافة yoki khilaafah) Musulmon olamining siyosiy birligi va rahbariyatini namoyish etuvchi Islomiy hukumat shaklidir. Davlat boshlig`i lavozimi(Halif) Muhammad(SAV) payg`ambarning siyosiy hokimiyatining davomchisi(me`roschisi) sifatida tushuniladi. Sunniylarga ko`ra halif odamlar yoki ularning vakillari tarafidan tanlangan shahsdir, Shialarga ko`ra esa Ahl ul-Bayt orasidan tanlangan Imom hisoblanadi.

A caliphate (from the Arabic or ), is the Islamic form of government representing the political unity and leadership of the Muslim world. The head of state's position (Caliph) is based on the notion of a successor to Prophet Muhammad's political authority; according to Sunnis ideally elected by the people or their representatives,[1] and according to the Shia an Imamate chosen from the Ahl ul-Bayt. From the time of Muhammad until 1924, successive caliphates were held by the Umayyad, Abbasid, and finally Ottoman dynasties.