William Claude Dukenfield (talaffuzi: „Uilyam Klod Dyukenfild“, 1880-yil 29-yanvar [1] — 1946-yil 25-dekabr), WC Fields nomi bilan mashhur boʻlgan amerikalik komediyachi, aktyor, jonglyor va yozuvchi edi[2]. Fields kulgili obrazga ega boʻlib, misantrop va qattiq ichuvchi egoist edi. U bolalar va itlarga nisbatan nafratlanishiga qaramay, bazida hamdard boʻlib qolardi.

W. C. Fields
Tavalludi
William Claude Dukenfield

29-yanvar 1880-yil
Darby, Pennsylvania, A. Q. Sh.
Vafoti 25-dekabr 1946-yil(1946-12-25)
(66 yoshda)
Pasadena, California, A. Q. Sh.
Fuqaroligi AQSh
Kasbi Aktyor, qiziqchi, yozuvchi
Faoliyat yillari 1898-1946
Turmush oʻrtogʻi
Harriet Hughes (turm. 1900)
Bolalari 2
Otasi James Lydon Duckenfield
Onasi Kate Spangler Fenton

Umumiy koʻrinish tahrir

Fieldsning shou-biznesdagi faoliyati vodevilda boshlangan va u yerda ovozsiz Juggling sifatida xalqaro muvaffaqiyatlarga erishgan. U oʻz harakatlariga komediyani qoʻshishni boshladi va bir necha yil davomida Ziegfeld Folliesda taniqli komediyachisiga aylandi. U „Poppy“ (1923) Brodvey musiqiy komediyasida yulduzga aylandi, unda u rang-barang, kichik vaqtli firibgar rolini oʻynadi. Uning keyingi sahna va kino rollari koʻpincha oʻxshash boʻlgan: yaramaslar yoki oddiy qahramonlar edi.

Dastlabki yillar tahrir

Fields Pensilvaniya shtatining Darbi shahrida William Cloude Dukenfildda ishchilar oilasining eng katta farzandi bo‘lib tug‘ilgan. Uning otasi James Lydon Dukenfeild (1841-1913) 1854-yilda Angliyaning Sheffild, Yorkshir shahridan hijrat qilgan ingliz oilasidan edi [3][4]. James Dukenfield Amerika fuqarolar urushida 72-Pensilvaniya piyodalar polkining M kompaniyasida xizmat qilgan va 1863-yilda yaralangan[5]. Fieldsning onasi Kate Spangler Felton (1854-1925) Britaniyalik ajdodlarning protestanti edi[6][7]. 1876-yilgi Filadelfiya shahar maʼlumotnomasida James Dukenfield kotib sifatida roʻyxatga olingan. Turmush qurgandan soʻng, u mustaqil mahsulot sotuvchisi boʻlib ishlagan[7][8].

Brodvey tahrir

 
Ralf Bartonning karikaturasi, 1925 yil

1905-yilda Fields oʻzining Brodveydagi debyuti "The Ham Tree" musiqiy komediyasini suratga oldi. Uning shoudagi roli undan oldin sahnada qilmagan dialog satrlarini yetkazishni talab qildi[9]. Keyinchalik u shunday dedi: „Men haqiqiy komediyachi boʻlishni xohlardim va u yerda men shunchaki komediya jonglyori sifatida chipta oldim va filmga tushdim“[10]. 1913-yilda u Sarah Bernhardt (u Fieldsni „eng yaxshi tomoshabinlarni xursand qila olmaydigan sanʼatkor“ deb bilgan) bilan birgalikda Nyu-York saroyida, soʻngra Angliyada George uchun qirollik spektaklida ijro etdi.

Shaxsiy hayot tahrir

Fields 1900-yil 8-aprelda vodvilchi, xor qizi Garriet „Hattie“ Hughesga (1879-1963) uylandi[11]. U Fieldsning sahna koʻrinishining bir qismi boʻlib, uning yordamchisi sifatida paydo boʻldi[12]. Hattie maʼlumotli edi va u Fieldsga sayohatlari davomida oʻqish va yozish boʻyicha dars berdi[13]. Uning taʼsiri ostida Fields ishtiyoqli kitobxonga aylandi va grammatik matnlar, Gomer va Ovidning tarjimalari va Shakespearedan Dickensgacha, Twain va PG Wodehousegacha boʻlgan mualliflarning asarlarini oʻz ichiga olgan bir quti kitob bilan sayohat qildi[14].

Oʻlim tahrir

Fields hayotining soʻnggi 22 oyini Kaliforniyaning Pasadena shahridagi Las Encinas sanatoriyasida oʻtkazdi. 1946-yilda, Rojdestvo kunida katta oshqozon qon ketishiga duch keldi va 66 yoshida vafot etdi[15]. 2004-yilda suratga olingan hujjatli filmga ko‘ra, u hamshiraga ko‘z qisib, jilmayib qo‘ygan, barmog‘ini labiga qo‘yib, vafot etgan[16]. Biograf James Curtisning soʻzlariga koʻra, bu taʼsirli tasvir tasdiqlanmagan va „ehtimol emas“[17]. Fieldsning dafn marosimi 1947-yil 2-yanvarda Kaliforniyaning Glendeyl shahrida boʻlib oʻtdi[18].

Filmografiya tahrir

Yil Sarlavha Rol Rejissyor
1915 (untitled film) Oʻzi Ed Wynn
1915 Pool Sharks Akula Edwin Middleton
1915 His Lordship’s Dilemma Pul oʻtkazuvchi odam William Haddock
1924 Janice Meredith Britaniyalik serjant E. Mason Hopper
1925 Sally of the Sawdust Professor Eustace P. McGargle D. W. Griffith
1926 That Royle Girl Ota D. W. Griffith
1926 Itʼs the Old Army Game Elmer Prettywillie A. Edward Sutherland
1926 Soʻs Your Old Man Samuel Bisbee Gregory La Cava
1927 The Potters Pa Potter Fred C. Newmeyer
1927 Running Wild Elmer Finch Gregory La Cava
1927 Two Flaming Youths J. G. "Gabby" Gilfoil John S. Waters
1928 Tillieʼs Punctured Romance Zargar A. Edward Sutherland
1928 Fools for Luck Richard Whitehead Charles F. Reisner
1930 The Golf Specialist J. Effingham Bellwether Monte Brice
1931 Her Majesty, Love Bela Toerrek William Dieterle
1932 Million Dollar Legs President of Klopstokia Edward Cline
1932 If I Had a Million Rollo La Rue Norman Taurog
1932 The Dentist Oʻzi Leslie Pearce
1933 The Fatal Glass of Beer Mr. Snavely Clyde Bruckman
1933 The Pharmacist Mr. Dilweg Arthur Ripley
1933 International House Professor Quail A. Edward Sutherland
1933 Hip Action Oʻzi George Marshall
1933 The Barber Shop Cornelius O'Hare Arthur Ripley
1933 Hollywood on Parade No. B-2 Oʻzi Louis Lewyn
1933 Tillie and Gus Augustus Q. Winterbottom Francis Martin
1933 Alice in Wonderland Humpty Dumpty Norman McLeod
1934 Six of a Kind Sheriff "Honest John" Hoxley Leo McCarey
1934 You’re Telling Me! Sam Bisbee Erle C. Kenton
1934 Hollywood on Parade No. B-10 Oʻzi Louis Lewyn
1934 The Old Fashioned Way The Great (Marc Antony) McGonigle William Beaudine
1934 Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch Mr. C. Ellsworth Stubbins Norman Taurog
1934 Itʼs a Gift Harold Bissonette Norman McLeod
1935 David Copperfield Wilkins Micawber George Cukor
1935 Mississippi Commodore Orlando Jackson A. Edward Sutherland
1935 Man on the Flying Trapeze Ambrose Wolfinger Clyde Bruckman
1936 Poppy Professor Eustace P. McGargle A. Edward Sutherland
1935 The Big Broadcast of 1938 T. Frothingill Bellows
S. B. Bellows
Mitchell Leisen
1939 You Canʼt Cheat an Honest Man Larson E. Whipsnade George Marshall
1940 My Little Chickadee Cuthbert J. Twillie Edward Cline
1940 The Bank Dick Egbert Sousè Edward Cline
1941 Never Give a Sucker an Even Break Buyuk odam Edward Cline
The Laziest Golfer Oʻzi (unknown)
1942 Tales of Manhattan Professor Postlewhistle Julien Duvivier
1944 Follow the Boys Oʻzi A. Edward Sutherland
1944 Song of the Open Road Oʻzi S. Sylvan Simon
1944 Sensations of 1945 Oʻzi Andrew L. Stone

Manbalar tahrir

  1. "Fields always observed his birthday on January 29, and his death certificate confirms this. … When Fields married Harriet Veronica Hughes in San Francisco, on April 8, 1900, he was twenty years old and, under California law, could not enter into a marriage without parental consent. He therefore gave his birthdate as April 9, 1879, and often used this date thereafter. However, when he applied for a passport later that same year, he swore under oath that his correct birthdate was January 29, 1880." Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p. 525
  2. Obituary Variety, January 1, 1947, p. 46.
  3. Louvish, Simon. Man on the Flying Trapeze: The Life and Times of W. C. Fields. London: Faber & Faber, 1997, pp. 29-30.
  4. „The Myth of W. C.“. Sun Sentinel. 2014-yil 22-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 30-noyabr.
  5. Muster roll of 72nd PA, which did not fight at Lookout Mountain! A photo of James in a Civil War period uniform, c. 1900, shows him missing his right index finger. Reproduced p. 29, Louvish.
  6. Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p. 8.
  7. 7,0 7,1 Louvish, p. 31.
  8. 1880 census, Philadelphia, p. 129A
  9. Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p, 72.
  10. Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p. 85.
  11. „W. C. Fields' Widow Wins – Entitled to Half $771,000, Though Long Estranged, Judge Rules“. New York Times. Associated Press (1949-yil 8-iyul), s. 15. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 9-oktyabr.
  12. Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p. 48.
  13. Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p. 50.
  14. Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p. 82.
  15. „W. C. Fields, 66, Dies; Famed as Comedian – Mimicry Star of the Films Since 1924 Got Start as a $5-a-Week Juggler – Rarely Followed Script – Raspy Remarks and 'Know-It-All' Perspective Made Him Nation-Wide Character“. New York Times. Associated Press (1946-yil 26-dekabr), s. 25. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 9-oktyabr. „W. C. Fields, the comedian whose deadpan gestures, raspy remarks and "never give a sucker an even break" characterizations made him a showman beloved the nation over, died today at the age of 66.“.
  16. Adamson, J (dir.) W. C. Fields — Straight Up. ASIN 1559746777.
  17. Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p. 481.
  18. Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, pp. 481-482.