Fayl:Joseph Cugnot's 1770 Fardier à Vapeur, Musée des arts et métiers, Paris 2015.jpg

Asl fayl ‎(5 576 × 3 722 piksel, fayl hajmi: 1,44 MB, MIME tipi: image/jpeg)

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Taʼrif	English: Joseph Cugnot's 1770 Fardier à Vapeur, Musée des arts et métiers, Paris. Français : Fardier à Vapeur de Joseph Cugnot, Musée des arts et métiers, Paris. Русский: Паровая телега Кюньо в Музее искусств и ремёсел в Париже.
Sanasi	2 Iyul 2015, 13:47
Manba	Joseph Cugnot's 1770 Fardier à Vapeur
Muallif	Joe deSousa

Camera location	48° 51′ 59,87″ N, 2° 21′ 19,57″ E	View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap	48.866630; 2.355436

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	This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Mustang Joe at https://flickr.com/photos/63234672@N04/19939825122. It was reviewed on 23 Noyabr 2015 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-zero.

23 Noyabr 2015

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joriy	18:04, 23-Iyul 2015		5 576 × 3 722 (1,44 MB)	Paris 16	Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons

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- Nicolas Joseph Cugnot
- Industrie automobile française
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- Q113290887

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Camera manufacturer	NIKON CORPORATION
Camera model	NIKON D750
Author	Joe deSousa
Exposure time	1/30 sec (0,033333333333333)
F Number	f/5,6
ISO speed rating	800
Date and time of data generation	13:47, 2-Iyul 2015
Lens focal length	30 mm
Latitude	48° 51′ 59,87″ N
Longitude	2° 21′ 19,57″ E
Short title	Joseph Cugnot's 1770 Fardier à Vapeur
Copyright holder	© 2015 Joe deSousa
Image title	From Wikipedia: Cugnot was one of the first to employ successfully a device for converting the reciprocating motion of a steam piston into rotary motion by means of a ratchet arrangement. A small version of his three-wheeled fardier à vapeur ("steam dray") ran in 1769. (A fardier was a massively built two-wheeled horse-drawn cart for transporting very heavy equipment such as cannon barrels).The original 1769 model.Cugnot's 1770 fardier à vapeur, as preserved at the Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris.Cut-away drawingThe first "automobile accident"?In 1770, a full-size version of the fardier à vapeur was built, specified to be able to carry 4 tons and cover 2 lieues (7.8 km or 4.8 miles) in one hour, a performance it never achieved in practice. The vehicle, which weighed about 2.5 tonnes tare, had two wheels at the rear and one in the front where the horses would normally have been; this front wheel supported the steam boiler and driving mechanism. The power unit was articulated to the "trailer" and steered from there by means of a double handle arrangement. One source states that it seated four passengers and moved at a speed of 2.25 miles per hour(3.6 km/h).[3]The vehicle was reported to have been very unstable due to poor weight distribution - which would have been a serious disadvantage seeing that it was intended that the fardier should be able to traverse rough terrain and climb steep hills. In 1771, the second vehicle is said to have gone out of control and knocked down part of the Arsenal wall, (reported to be the first known automobile accident); however according to Georges Ageon,[4] the earliest mention of this occurrence dates from 1801 and it does not feature in contemporary accounts. Boiler performance was also particularly poor, even by the standards of the day, with the fire needing to be relit and steam raised again every quarter of an hour or so, considerably reducing overall speed.After running a small number of trials variously described as being between Paris and Vincennes and at Meudon, the project was abandoned and the French Army's experiment with mechanical vehicles came to an end. Even so, in 1772, King Louis XV granted Cugnot a pension of 600 livres a year for his innovative work and the experiment was judged interesting enough for the fardier to be kept at the Arsenal until transferred to the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers in 1800, where it can still be seen today.
Usage terms	You can use this image for any purpose, even commercial.
City shown	Paris
Horizontal resolution	240 dpi
Vertical resolution	240 dpi
Software used	Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 5.7 (Windows)
File change date and time	13:34, 23-Iyul 2015
Exposure Program	Aperture priority
Exif version	2.3
Date and time of digitizing	13:47, 2-Iyul 2015
APEX shutter speed	4,906891
APEX aperture	4,970854
APEX exposure bias	2
Maximum land aperture	4 APEX (f/4)
Metering mode	Center weighted average
Light source	Unknown
Flash	Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression
DateTimeOriginal subseconds	05
Focal plane X resolution	1 675,0149841309
Focal plane Y resolution	1 675,0149841309
Focal plane resolution unit	3
Sensing method	One-chip color area sensor
File source	Digital still camera
Scene type	A directly photographed image
Custom image processing	Normal process
Exposure mode	Auto exposure
White balance	Auto white balance
Digital zoom ratio	1
Focal length in 35 mm film	30 mm
Scene capture type	Standard
Scene control	Low gain up
Contrast	Normal
Saturation	Normal
Sharpness	Normal
Subject distance range	Unknown
GPS tag version	0.0.2.2
Serial number of camera	5004194
Lens used	24.0-120.0 mm f/4.0
Date metadata was last modified	09:34, 23-Iyul 2015
Unique ID of original document	7F4D6D88A7B0A38D1A5E306779874DF4
Copyright status	Copyright status not set
Keywords	2015 Nikon Paris Places arts cugnot d750 france joseph metier museum steam vehicle
Province or state shown	Île-de-France
Country shown	France
Sublocation of city shown	Arts et Métiers
IIM version	4

Fayl:Joseph Cugnot's 1770 Fardier à Vapeur, Musée des arts et métiers, Paris 2015.jpg

Qisqa izoh

Litsenziyalash

Captions

Items portrayed in this file

tasvirlangan ob'ekt

Cugnot steam dray - CnAM 106 ^inglizcha

yaratuvchi

some value

mualliflik huquqi holati

copyrighted, dedicated to the public domain by copyright holder ^inglizcha

mualliflik huquqi litsenziyasi

CC0

tashkil etilgan

2 Iyul 2015

coordinates of the point of view ^inglizcha

48°51'59.868"N, 2°21'19.570"E

captured with ^inglizcha

Nikon D750 ^inglizcha

fayl manbai

fayl internetda mavjud

Fayl tarixi

Fayllarga ishoratlar

Faylning global foydalanilishi

Metama’lumot

Fayl:Joseph Cugnot's 1770 Fardier à Vapeur, Musée des arts et métiers, Paris 2015.jpg

Qisqa izoh

Litsenziyalash

Captions

Items portrayed in this file

Cugnot steam dray - CnAM 106 inglizcha

some value

copyrighted, dedicated to the public domain by copyright holder inglizcha

2 Iyul 2015

coordinates of the point of view inglizcha

48°51'59.868"N, 2°21'19.570"E

captured with inglizcha

Nikon D750 inglizcha

Fayl tarixi

Fayllarga ishoratlar

Faylning global foydalanilishi

Metama’lumot

Cugnot steam dray - CnAM 106 ^inglizcha

copyrighted, dedicated to the public domain by copyright holder ^inglizcha

coordinates of the point of view ^inglizcha

captured with ^inglizcha

Nikon D750 ^inglizcha