Global isish kuchi
Global isish kuchi ( GIK ) bu issiqxona gazlari tomonidan atmosferaga qo'shilgan infraqizil termal nurlanishni ma'lum vaqt oralig'ida qancha qismi o'zlashtirishining o'lchov birligidir, bu birlik biror bir gazni bir xil og'irlikdagi karbonat angidrid tomonidan so'rilgan issiqlikka nisbatan xisoblab topiladi. GIK karbonat angidrid uchun 1 ga teng. Boshqa gazlar uchun bu birlik, ma'lum bir gaz infraqizil termal nurlanishni qanchalik kuchli yutishiga, gazning atmosferani qanchalik tez tark etishiga va hisobga olinadigan vaqtga bog'liq bo'ladi. Karbonat angidrid ekvivalenti ( CO e yoki CO ekvivalenti yoki CO -e) GIK dan hisob topiladi. Shunday qilib, u turli gazlarning iqlim ta'sirini o'lchash uchun umumiy shkala bo'lib hizmat qiladi.
Metanning GIK (20+ yil vaqt uchun hisoblangan) 81,2 ni tashkil qiladi, ya'ni, masalan, bir tonna metan sizib chiqishi 81,2 tonna karbonat angidridni chiqarishga teng. Xuddi shunday bir tonna azot oksidi, masalan,odatda go'ng yoki sholi dalalaridadan ajralib chiqadi, 273 tonna karbonat angidridga teng. Shuning uchun metan atmosferamizni karbinat angidriddan ko'ra 81.2 marta ko'proq isitadi, azot oksidi esa 273 marta ko'roq iqlim o'zgarishlariga sabab bo'ladi.
Issiqxona gazi | Kimyoviy formulasi | 100-yillik Global isish kuchi (2007 estimates, for 2013–2020 comparisons) |
---|---|---|
Carbon dioxide | CO2 | 1 |
Methane | CH4 | 25 |
Nitrous oxide | N2O | 298 |
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) | ||
HFC-23 | CHF3 | 14,800 |
Difluoromethane (HFC-32) | CH2F2 | 675 |
Fluoromethane (HFC-41) | CH3F | 92 |
HFC-43-10mee | CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3 | 1,640 |
Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) | C2HF5 | 3,500 |
HFC-134 | C2H2F4 (CHF2CHF2) | 1,100 |
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) | C2H2F4 (CH2FCF3) | 1,430 |
HFC-143 | C2H3F3 (CHF2CH2F) | 353 |
1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (HFC-143a) | C2H3F3 (CF3CH3) | 4,470 |
HFC-152 | CH2FCH2F | 53 |
HFC-152a | C2H4F2 (CH3CHF2) | 124 |
HFC-161 | CH3CH2F | 12 |
1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea) | C3HF7 | 3,220 |
HFC-236cb | CH2FCF2CF3 | 1,340 |
HFC-236ea | CHF2CHFCF3 | 1,370 |
HFC-236fa | C3H2F6 | 9,810 |
HFC-245ca | C3H3F5 | 693 |
HFC-245fa | CHF2CH2CF3 | 1,030 |
HFC-365mfc | CH3CF2CH2CF3 | 794 |
Perfluorocarbons | ||
Carbon tetrafluoride – PFC-14 | CF4 | 7,390 |
Hexafluoroethane – PFC-116 | C2F6 | 12,200 |
Octafluoropropane – PFC-218 | C3F8 | 8,830 |
Perfluorobutane – PFC-3-1-10 | C4F10 | 8,860 |
Octafluorocyclobutane – PFC-318 | c-C4F8 | 10,300 |
Perfluouropentane – PFC-4-1-12 | C5F12 | 9,160 |
Perfluorohexane – PFC-5-1-14 | C6F14 | 9,300 |
Perfluorodecalin – PFC-9-1-18b | C10F18 | 7,500 |
Perfluorocyclopropane | c-C3F6 | 17,340 |
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) | ||
Sulfur hexafluoride | SF6 | 22,800 |
Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) | ||
Nitrogen trifluoride | NF3 | 17,200 |
Fluorinated ethers | ||
HFE-125 | CHF2OCF3 | 14,900 |
Bis(difluoromethyl) ether (HFE-134) | CHF2OCHF2 | 6,320 |
HFE-143a | CH3OCF3 | 756 |
HCFE-235da2 | CHF2OCHClCF3 | 350 |
HFE-245cb2 | CH3OCF2CF3 | 708 |
HFE-245fa2 | CHF2OCH2CF3 | 659 |
HFE-254cb2 | CH3OCF2CHF2 | 359 |
HFE-347mcc3 | CH3OCF2CF2CF3 | 575 |
HFE-347pcf2 | CHF2CF2OCH2CF3 | 580 |
HFE-356pcc3 | CH3OCF2CF2CHF2 | 110 |
HFE-449sl (HFE-7100) | C4F9OCH3 | 297 |
HFE-569sf2 (HFE-7200) | C4F9OC2H5 | 59 |
HFE-43-10pccc124 (H-Galden 1040x) | CHF2OCF2OC2F4OCHF2 | 1,870 |
HFE-236ca12 (HG-10) | CHF2OCF2OCHF2 | 2,800 |
HFE-338pcc13 (HG-01) | CHF2OCF2CF2OCHF2 | 1,500 |
(CF3)2CFOCH3 | 343 | |
CF3CF2CH2OH | 42 | |
(CF3)2CHOH | 195 | |
HFE-227ea | CF3CHFOCF3 | 1,540 |
HFE-236ea2 | CHF2OCHFCF3 | 989 |
HFE-236fa | CF3CH2OCF3 | 487 |
HFE-245fa1 | CHF2CH2OCF3 | 286 |
HFE-263fb2 | CF3CH2OCH3 | 11 |
HFE-329mcc2 | CHF2CF2OCF2CF3 | 919 |
HFE-338mcf2 | CF3CH2OCF2CF3 | 552 |
HFE-347mcf2 | CHF2CH2OCF2CF3 | 374 |
HFE-356mec3 | CH3OCF2CHFCF3 | 101 |
HFE-356pcf2 | CHF2CH2OCF2CHF2 | 265 |
HFE-356pcf3 | CHF2OCH2CF2CHF2 | 502 |
HFE-365mcfI’ll t3 | CF3CF2CH2OCH3 | 11 |
HFE-374pc2 | CHF2CF2OCH2CH3 | 557 |
– (CF2)4CH (OH) – | 73 | |
(CF3)2CHOCHF2 | 380 | |
(CF3)2CHOCH3 | 27 | |
Perfluoropolyethers | ||
PFPMIE | CF3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF2OCF3 | 10,300 |
Trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride | SF5CF3 | 17,400 |
Global isish kuchini hisoblash
tahrirGIK quyidagi omillarga bog'liq:
- ma'lum bir gaz tomonidan infraqizil nurlanishning yutilishi
- ma'lum bir belgilangan vaqt (integratsiya davri)
- gazning atmosferada qolish vaqti
Yuqori GIK katta infraqizil yutilish va uzoq atmosferada qolish vaqti bilan bog'liq. GWP ning yutilish to'lqin uzunligiga bog'liqligi ancha murakkab. Agar gaz ma'lum bir to'lqin uzunligida radiatsiyani samarali o'zlashtirsa ham, atmosfera shu to'lqin uzunligida eng ko'p nurlanishni usiz ham o'zlashtirsa, bu GIKga unchalik ham ta'sir qilmasligi mumkin. Agar gaz atmosfera yutmaydigan to'lqin uzunliklaridagi nurni yutsa, eng katta ta'sirga ega bo'ladi. GIK ning to'lqin uzunligiga bog'liqligi empirik tarzda topilgan va grafik sifatida nashr etilgan.
Bu maqola birorta turkumga qoʻshilmagan. Iltimos, maqolaga aloqador turkumlar qoʻshib yordam qiling. (Aprel 2024) |
- ↑ „The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI)“. NOAA.gov. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (2024). 2024-yil 5-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
- ↑ „Annual Greenhouse Gas Index“. U.S. Global Change Research Program. 2021-yil 21-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 5-sentyabr.
- ↑ Butler J. and Montzka S. „The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI)“. NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory/Earth System Research Laboratories (2020). 2013-yil 22-sentyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 5-sentyabr.