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James MacGregor Burns

Jeyms Makgregor Berns (3-avgust, 1918 –yil,15-iyul 2014-yil) amerikalik tarixchi va siyosatshunos, prezident biografi va yetakchilikni o'rganish bo'yicha vakolat ega bo'ldi. U endi Vudro Uilson hukumat Emeritusi professori da Uilyams kolleji va taniqli yetakchilik bo'yicha olim Jeyms Makgregor Berns yetakchilik Akademiyasida Davlat siyosati maktabida Merilend universiteti, kollej parki ishlaydi. 1971-yilda Berns Pulitser mukofoti oldi va Tarix bilan Biografiya bo'yicha Milliy kitob mukofoti uning ishi uchun Amerikaning 32-prezidenti, Ruzvelt: Ozodlik askari[3].

James MacGregor Burns
Tavalludi 3-avgust 1918-yil
Melrose, Massachusetts, U.S.
Vafoti 15-iyul 2014-yil(2014-07-15)
(95 yoshda)
Williamstown, Massachusetts, AQSH
Fuqaroligi AQSh[1][2]
Partiyasi Demokrat
Turmush oʻrtogʻi
  • Janet Thompson (May 1942, div.)
  • Joan Simpson Meyers (1968–1990)
Bolalari David (deceased), Stewart, Deborah, and Mecca Antonia
Stepchildren: Trienah Anne Meyers, Peter Alexander Meyers
Otasi Robert A. Burns
Onasi Mildred Bunce Burns
Mukofotlari Pulitzer Prize, 1971

Berns yetakchilikni o'rganish markazini buyuk odamlarning xususiyatlari va harakatlaridan rahbarlar va ularning saylov okruglarining o'zaro manfaat yo'lida ishlaydigan sheriklar sifatida o'zaro munosabatlarni bog'lagan. U yetakchilik nazariyasining tranzaktsion, transformatsion, aspiratsion va vizyoner maktablariga qo'shgan hissalari bilan tanilgan.

Hayoti

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Harbiy xizmat foaliyati

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Uilyams kollejini tugatgandan so'ng, Berns bir yil Vashingtonda Utah kongressmeni uchun stajyor bo'lib ishladi . U Garvardda bir yil, keyin olti oy Koloradoda urush mehnat Kengashida ishladi.

Berns xizmat qilish uchun chaqirilgan tinch okeani teatri AQSh armiyasining jangovar tarixchisi sifatida ro'yxatga olingan va bronza yulduzi va to'rtta jangovar Yulduz bilan taqdirlangan. Berns o'zining harbiy sarguzashtlari davomida yetakchilik haqida gap ketganda, bu ofitserlarning xususiyatlari va fazilatlari nuqtai nazaridan ekanligini payqadi, ammo askarlar emas.

Akademik foaliyati

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Berns fakultetga qo'shildi Uilyams kolleji 1947-yilda va u yerda qariyb 40 yil dars bergan va 1986-yilda nafaqaga chiqqan. A'zosi Amerika san'at va Fanlar Akademiyasi, u prezident sifatida ishlagan Amerika siyosiy Fanlar assotsiatsiyasi va xalqaro siyosiy psixologiya jamiyatida. 1990-yillarning boshlarida u Merilend universitetida dars bergan, u yerda u kiritilgan Omicron Delta Kappa (ODK) va Jeyms Makgregor Berns yetakchilik Akademiyasining nomlanishi bilan sharaflangan. 2004-yilda u Odkning eng yuqori sharafi bo'lgan Laurel tojli doira mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi. 2010-yilda u Artur M.ustidan g'olib bo'ldi. Shlezinger, kichik mukofoti Ruzvelt instituti va Amerika tarixchilari jamiyati tomonidan birgalikda taqdim etilgan doimiy jamoat ahamiyatiga ega bo'lgan Amerika tarixidagi taniqli yozuv uchun.. [4]

Siyosiy foaliyati

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Liberal, 1958-yilda Berns muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchradi demokratik Massachusets shtatidagi nomzod 1-Kongress okrugi, o'sha paytdagi AQSh senatori bilan uchrashish jon F. Kennedi va unga qayta saylanish uchun protestantlarning qo'llab-quvvatlashiga yordam berish, Kennedi esa katolik tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanishiga yordam berdi. Berns shaxsiy kirish huquqini qo'lga kiritdi, bu unga Kennedining tarjimai holini yozishga imkon berdi, 1960-yilda nashr etilgan bo'lib, unda JFK "kassa sifatida tasodifiy", "jim, tarang, samarali—ba'zan, ehtimol, hatto zerikarli" va umuman juda miya va yurak etishmayapti. Bu Kennedining xotini Jackie darg'azab, Berns uni "jiddiy" dedi.

Shaxsiy hayoti

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U borishdan oldin Uilyams kolleji professor bo'lish uchun Berns bitirgan Leksington O'rta maktabi yilda Massachusets shtati 1935 yilda. Berns o'zini jamoatchi qildi. Uning birinchi rafiqasi bilan to'rtta farzandi bor edi, ulardan uchtasi omon qoldi. 1964 yilda u taniqli paleontologning qizi Joan Simpson Meyers bilan uchrashdi Jorj Geylord Simpson, yilda Nyu-York shahri u Prezident haqidagi eng ko'p sotilgan kitobi uchun u bilan suhbatlashganda jon Fitsjerald Kennedi; to'rt yildan so'ng Berns va Meyers turmush qurishdi yuqori o'roq, oilaviy uy Uilyamstaun, ular birgalikda yashagan joyda keyingi chorak asr. Umrining oxirida u birinchi rafiqasi bilan do'st bo'lgan, ammo hamkasbi va uzoq yillik hamrohi, Professor Syuzan Dann bilan yashagan.

Berns 2014-yil 15-iyul kuni Massachusets shtatining Uilyamstaun shahrida 95 yoshida 20 dan ortiq kitoblarni nashr etganidan keyin vafot etdi. [5]

Hukumat haqidagi qarashlar

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Oq uydagi kuchli yetakchining muxlisi sifatida Berns AQSh hukumatining nazorat va muvozanat tizimini tanqid qildi, u bo'lingan yoki muxolifat Kongress davrida taraqqiyotga to'siq sifatida qaradi. “Demokratiya boshi berk ko'chaga chiqishi” (1963) va “Sudni yig'ish: sud hokimiyatining yuksalishi va Oliy sudning yaqinlashib kelayotgan inqirozi” (2009) asarlarida u Oliy sud sudyalarining muddatlarini cheklash, oraliq saylovlarni tugatish, oraliq saylovlarni to'xtatish va aholiga asoslangan Senat. [6] Berns, shuningdek , Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Konstitutsiyasiga AQShning samarali prezidentlariga uch yoki undan ko'p muddatga xizmat qilishiga ruxsat beruvchi yigirma ikkinchi tuzatishni bekor qilishni yoqladi. [7]

Yetakchilik nazariyasi

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Berns' Leadership (1978) yetakchilikni o'rganish sohasiga asos solgan bo'lib, unda etakchilikning ikki turi mavjud: liderlar yetakchi va izdosh o'rtasidagi munosabatlarga e'tibor qaratadigan tranzaktsion yetakchilik va liderlar e'tiqodlari, ehtiyojlari va ehtiyojlariga e'tibor qaratadigan transformatsion yetakchilik . ularning izdoshlarining qadriyatlari. [8]

Iqtiboslar:

  • Insonlar ustidan yetakchilik, ma'lum motivlar va maqsadlarga ega bo'lgan shaxslar boshqalar bilan raqobatda yoki ziddiyatda, institutsional, siyosiy, psixologik va boshqa resurslarni safarbar qilganda amalga oshiriladi, shunda izdoshlarning motivlarini uyg'otish, jalb qilish va qondirishRahbarlar va izdoshlar o'zaro bog'laydigan maqsadlarni amalga oshirish. . . .
  • Transformatsion yetakchilik bir yoki bir nechta odamlar boshqalar bilan shunday aloqada bo'lganda yuzaga keladi, shunda rahbarlar va izdoshlar bir-birlarini yuqori motivatsiya va axloqiy darajaga ko'taradilar.
  • Odamlarni o'zlarining yaxshi qiyofasiga ko'tarishlari yetakchilikni o'zgartirishning siri va bu ishning axloqiy va amaliy mavzusidir.

Jeyms MakGregor Berns yetakchilikning umumiy nazariyasiga intilish bilan qiziqdi. Bernsning so'zlariga ko'ra, "boshqalar biz individual liderlarning rolini va ularning xususiyatlarini tushunishimiz uchun yetakchilikning umumiy nazariyasini yaratishimiz kerak, deb ta'kidlashadi". [9] Kellogg Leadership Studies Project (KLSP) dan boshlab, 4 yillik (1994–1998) tashabbus, dastlabki bosqichlarda 25 dan ortiq olim bilan uchrashuvlar uchun barcha yetakchilikni qamrab oladigan umumiy nazariyani izladi. Yetakchi olim, prezidentlik biografi va Pulitser mukofoti sovrindori Jeyms MakGregor Berns boshchiligidagi guruh katta hissa qo'shdi, ammo tan olish kerakki, bu maqsadga erisha olmadi. [10]

Uning ishi Bernard Bass, Bryus Avolio va Kennet Leytvud kabi boshqa transformatsion etakchilik nazariyotchilariga ta'sir ko'rsatdi.  va Jorjiya Jons Sorensonni [11] Merilend universitetida Siyosiy yetakchilik va ishtirok etish markazini yaratishga ilhomlantirdi, Berns 1993 yilda unga qo'shildi va markaz 1997 yilda uning sharafiga Jeyms MakGregor Berns nomini oldi. Yetakchilik akademiyasi. [12]

Kitoblari

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  • Congress on Trial: The Legislative Process and the Administrative State (Harper, 1949).[13]
  • Government by the People (textbook) (1952; 20th ed. 2003), Prentice-Hall.[14]
  • Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox, 1882-1940 (first volume of two-volume set) (Harcourt, Brace, 1956).[15]
  • John Kennedy: A Political Profile (Harcourt, Brace, 1960).[16]
  • The Deadlock of Democracy: Four-Party Politics in America (Prentice Hall, 1963).[17]
  • Government by the People: The Dynamics of American National Government (1963).[18]
  • Presidential Government: The Crucible of Leadership (Houghton-Mifflin, 1965).[19]
  • Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, 1940-1945 (second volume of two-volume set) (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970) (1971 Pulitzer Prize for History, 1971 Francis Parkman Prize).(ISBN 978-0-15-602757-1).[20]
  • Uncommon Sense (1972).[21]
  • Edward Kennedy and the Camelot Legacy (1976).[22]
  • Leadership (Harper Collins, 1978) (ISBN 978-0-06-010588-4).[23]
  • The Vineyard of Liberty, 1787-1863 (The American Experiment Book 1 of 3) (Alfred A. Knopf, 1982) (ISBN 978-0-394-50546-6).[24]
  • The Power to Lead: The Crisis of the American Presidency (Touchstone Books, 1984).[25]
  • The Workshop of Democracy, 1863-1932 (The American Experiment Book 2 of 3) (Alfred A. Knopf, 1985) (ISBN 978-0-394-50546-6).[26]
  • The Crosswinds of Freedom, 1932-1988 (The American Experiment Book 3 of 3) (Alfred A. Knopf, 1989) (ISBN 978-0-394-51276-1).[27]
  • Cobblestone Leadership: Majority Rule, Minority Power (University of Oklahoma Press, 1990).[28]
  • A People's Charter: The Pursuit of Rights in America (with Stewart Burns) (Knopf, 1991).[29]
  • The Democrats Must Lead: The Case for a Progressive Democratic Party (with William Crotty) (1992).[30]
  • Dead Center: Clinton-Gore Leadership and the Perils of Moderation (with Georgia Jones Sorenson) (1999).[31]
  • The Three Roosevelts: Patrician Leaders Who Transformed America, with Susan Dunn (Atlantic Monthly Press, 2001) (ISBN 978-0-8021-3872-9).[32]
  • Transforming Leadership: A New Pursuit of Happiness (Atlantic Monthly Press, 2003) (ISBN 978-0-87113-866-8).[33]
  • George Washington (with Susan Dunn) (ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.) (Times Books, 2004).[34]
  • Encyclopedia of Leadership (with Georgia Jones Sorenson and George R. Goethals) (2004).[35]
  • Running Alone: Presidential Leadership — JFK to Bush II: Why It Has Failed and How We Can Fix It (Basic Books, 2006).[36]
  • Packing the Court: The Rise of Judicial Power and the Coming Crisis of the Supreme Court (Penguin Press, 2009) (ISBN 978-1-59420-219-3).[37]
  • Fire and Light: How the Enlightenment Transformed Our World (St. Martin's Press, 2013) (ISBN 978-1-250-02489-3).[38]

Manbalar

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  1. ↑ (unspecified title)
  2. ↑ (unspecified title)
  3. ↑ Burns, James MacGregor. Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, 1940–45. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970
  4. ↑ „James MacGregor Burns Wins History Award | Roosevelt Institute“ (2015-yil 10-mart). 2015-yil 10-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 3-fevral.
  5. ↑ Tony Dobrowolski. „James MacGregor Burns, historian and FDR biographer, dies at age 95“. The Berkshire Eagle (2014-yil 15-iyul). 2016-yil 4-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 4-avgust.
  6. ↑ „James MacGregor Burns, Scholar of Presidents and Leadership, Dies at 95“. The New York Times (2014-yil 16-iyul).
  7. ↑ Burns, James MacGregor. Running Alone: Presidential Leadership—JFK to Bush II : Why It Has Failed and How We Can Fix It. New York: Basic Books, 2006.
  8. ↑ Turan, S. & Sny, C. (1996). An exploration of transformational leadership and its role in strategic planning: A conceptual framework.
  9. ↑ Burns, J. M. (2003). Transforming Leadership: The Pursuit of Happiness (1st ed.). Atlantic Monthly Press.
  10. ↑ Goethals, G., & Sorenson, G. (2006). The quest for a general theory of leadership. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847202932
  11. ↑ „Sorenson, Georgia – SAGE Publications Inc“ (2021-yil 29-may).
  12. ↑ „James MacGregor Burns, Scholar of Presidents and Leadership, Dies at 95“. The New York Times (2014-yil 16-iyul).
  13. ↑ Burns. „Congress on Trial, by James Macgregor Burns“ (1949).
  14. ↑ „Amazon.com: James MacGregor Burns: Books, Biography, Blog, Audiobooks, Kindle“.
  15. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. Roosevelt: the lion and the fox, 1956. ISBN 978-0-15-178869-9. 
  16. ↑ Burns. „John Kennedy“ (1960).
  17. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. The Deadlock of Democracy, 1963. ISBN 978-0-7145-0188-8. 
  18. ↑ Government By the People; the Dynamics of American National Government: J et al MacGregor Burns: Amazon.com: Books. Prentice-Hall, January 1963. 
  19. ↑ Burns. „Presidental [sic] Government“ (1965).
  20. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. Roosevelt, the Soldier of Freedom, 1970. ISBN 978-1-56852-091-9. 
  21. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. Uncommon sense, 1972. ISBN 978-0-06-010584-6. 
  22. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. Edward Kennedy and the Camelot Legacy, April 1976. ISBN 978-0-393-33184-4. 
  23. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. Leadership, April 10, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4532-4517-0. 
  24. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. The Vineyard of Liberty, April 10, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4532-4518-7. 
  25. ↑ Burns, James Mcgregor. Power to Lead, September 23, 1985. ISBN 978-0-671-60462-2. 
  26. ↑ The Workshop of Democracy – Books on Google Play. Open Road Media, April 10, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4532-4519-4. 
  27. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. The Crosswinds of Freedom, April 10, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4532-4520-0. 
  28. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. Cobblestone Leadership: Majority Rule, Minority Power (Julian J Rothbaum Distinguished Lecture Series): James MacGregor Burns: 9780806123141: Amazon.com: Books, 1990. ISBN 0-8061-2314-1. 
  29. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. A People's Charter: The Pursuit of Rights in America: James MacGregor Burns, Stewart Burns: 9780394577630: Amazon.com: Books, 1991. ISBN 0-394-57763-9. 
  30. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. The Democrats Must Lead: The Case for a Progressive Democratic Party, June 7, 1992. ISBN 0-8133-1570-0. 
  31. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. Dead Center: Clinton-Gore Leadership and the Perils of Moderation: James Macgregor Burns, Georgia Jones Sorenson: 9780684837789: Amazon.com: Books, 1999. ISBN 0-684-83778-1. 
  32. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. The Three Roosevelts, October 2000. ISBN 978-0-7567-6579-8. 
  33. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. Transforming Leadership, 2003. ISBN 978-1-84354-168-4. 
  34. ↑ MacGregor, James. Amazon.com: George Washington (The American Presidents Series) (9780805069365): James MacGregor Burns, Susan Dunn, Arthur M. Schlesinger: Books, January 7, 2004. ISBN 0-8050-6936-4. 
  35. ↑ Goethals, George R.. Encyclopedia of Leadership 4 vol. set: George R. (EDT)/ Sorenson, Georgia Jones (EDT)/ Burns, James MacGregor (EDT) Goethals: 9780761925972: Amazon.com: Books, March 19, 2004. ISBN 0-7619-2597-X. 
  36. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. Running Alone, June 16, 2009. ISBN 978-0-7867-4857-0. 
  37. ↑ Burns, James Macgregor. Packing the Court, June 25, 2009. ISBN 978-1-101-08190-7. 
  38. ↑ „Fire and Light“.

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