Lilias Armstrong

Lilias Eveline Armstrong (1882-yil 29-sentyabr, Pendlebury, Lancashire, Angliya — 1937-yil 9-dekabr, Shimoliy Finchley, Middlesex, Birlashgan Qirollik) — angliyalik fonetik olima. London universiteti kollejidagi faoliyati davomida kitobxon darajasiga erishgan. Armstrong ingliz tilidagi intonatsiyalar, shu bilan birga, somali va kikuyu tillarining fonetikasi hamda ohangiga oid bir qancha ishlari bilan mashhur. Ida C. Ward bilan hamkorlikda yozilgan ingliz tili intonatsiyasi haqidagi kitobi 50 yil davomida toʻxtovsiz tarzda nashr etilgan. U, shuningdek, somali va kikuyu tillarida ohangning batafsil tavsiflari ustida ishlagan dastlabki olimalardan biri hisoblanadi.

Lilias E. Armstrong
Tavalludi	Lilias Eveline Armstrong 29-sentyabr 1882-yil Pendlebury, Lancashire, Angliya
Vafoti	9-dekabr 1937-yil(1937-12-09) (55 yoshda) Shimoliy Finchley, Middlesex, Angliya
Fuqaroligi	Birlashgan Qirollik
Kasbi	Fonetik tilshunos
Turmush oʻrtogʻi	Simon Charles Boyanus (24.09.1926 — 9.12.1937)

Armstrong Shimoliy Angliyada oʻsib ulgʻaygan. Lids universiteti bakalavriatini tamomlagan. U yerda fransuz va lotin tillari boʻyicha tahsil olgan. Bir muncha vaqt davomida London chekkasidagi boshlangʻich maktabda fransuz tilidan dars bergan. Biroq, keyinchalik, Daniel Jones boshchiligida London universiteti kolleji fonetika fakultetida ishlay boshlaydi. Koʻzga koʻringan eng mashhur asarlari 1926-yilda Ward bilan hamkorlikda yozilgan „A Handbook of English Intonation“ (Ingliz tili intonatsiyasi boʻyicha qoʻllanma), 1934-yilda nashr etilgan „The Phonetic Structure of Somali“ (Somalining fonetik tuzilishi) kitobi hamda vafot etganidan soʻng (1937-yil, 55 yoshida, insult sababli), 1940-yilda nashr etilgan „The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu“ (Kikuyu tilining fonetik va tonal tuzilishi) kitoblari boʻlgan.

Xalqaro fonetika assotsiatsiyasining Le Maître Phonétique jurnalining muharriri sifatida oʻn yildan koʻproq vaqt davomida faoliyat olib borgan. O‘z karyerasi davomida o‘quv davridan tashqari yozgi taʼtil davomida ham dars oʻtganligi uchun koʻplab maqtovlarga sazovor bo‘lgan. Jones oʻzining nekrologida Armstrong „dunyodagi eng yaxshi fonetiklardan biri“, deya qayd etgan.

Yoshligi

Lilias Eveline Armstrong 1882-yilning 29-sentyabr sanasida Pendlebury (Lancashire) shahrida erkin metodistlar vaziri James William Armstrong hamda Mary Elizabeth Armstrong (qizlik familyasi: Hunter)lar oilasida tavallud topgan. Uning nutqida tarbiyasi tasirida yuzaga kelgan ingliz tili shimoliy shevasining baʼzi xususiyatlari oʻzini namoyon qilgan. Armstrong Lids universitetida fransuz va lotin tillarini oʻrgangan. U, shuningdek, qirollik akademiyasi olimalaridan biri boʻlgan. 1906-yilda oliygohning oʻqituvchilik boʻyicha bakalavriatini tamomlagan.

Universitetni tamomlagandan soʻng, bir necha yil davomida East Ham tumanidagi maktabda fransuz tilidan dars bergan. Faoliyati davomida bir qancha muvaffaqiyatlarga erishdi. U yerni 1918-yilda tark etgunga qadar ishlagan, hattoki direktor lavozimiga ham koʻtarilgan. Katta yordamchi boʻlib ishlagan paytlarida fransuz tili talaffuzini oʻrgatish boʻyicha mahoratini yaxshilash maqsadida universitet kollejining fonetika boʻlimida kechki payt fonetikani oʻrganishni boshlagan. Armstrong 1917-yilda fransuz tili fonetikasi boʻyicha, keyingi yil esa ingliz tili fonetikasi boʻyicha imtiyozli diplomni qoʻlga kiritdi.

Akademik faoliyati

Oʻqitish

Mehnat tarixi

21 Gordon Square, „Arts Annexe I“. 1922-yildan boshlab universitet kollejining fonetika boʻlimiga tegishli uy.

Armstrong ilk marta 1917-yilda Daniel Jonesning missionerlar uchun moʻljallangan yozgi kursida fonetikadan dars bergan. Bundan oldin Jones uni London universitet kollejining fonetika boʻlimida toʻliq ish vaqti bilan biror lavozimga tayinlashni rejalashtirib yurgan edi. London graflik kengashi oktyabr oyida kafedra uchun byudjetni oshirishga qarshi qaror qabul qilganda, Jonesning rejalari vaqtincha toʻxtab qoldi. Biroq, 1917-yil noyabrda Armstrong vaqtinchalik (1918-yil fevral oyida rasman), yarim ish kuni vaqti hisobida maʼruzachi sifatida ishga qabul qilinish boʻyicha nomzod qilib koʻrsatildi.

Tanlangan ishlari

Asosiy maqola: Lilias Armstrong bibliografiyasi

• Armstrong, L. E.. An English Phonetic Reader, The London Phonetic Readers. London: University of London Press, 1923. 
• Armstrong, L. E.; Pe Maung Tin. A Burmese Phonetic Reader: With English translation, The London Phonetic Readers. London: University of London Press, 1925. 
• Armstrong, L. E.; Ward, I. C.. Handbook of English Intonation. Cambridge: Heffer, 1926.  [Second edition printed in 1931.]
• Armstrong, L. E.. The Phonetics of French: A Practical Handbook. London: Bell, 1932. 
• Armstrong, L. E. (1934). "The Phonetic Structure of Somali". Mitteilungen des Seminars für orientalische Sprachen zu Berlin 37 (Abt. III, Afrikanische Studien): 116–161.  [Reprinted. Farnborough: Gregg. 1964. Andoza:HdlAndoza:Free access. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017.]
• Coustenoble, H. N.; Armstrong, L. E.. Studies in French Intonation. Cambridge: Heffer, 1934. 
• Armstrong, L. E.. The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu. London: International African Institute, 1940.  [Reprinted. London: Routledge. 2018.
  This citation will be automatically completed in the next few minutes. You can jump the queue or expand by handLilias Armstrong]]]

Adabiyotlar

• Andrzejewski, B. W. (1955). "The Problem of Vowel Representation in the Isaaq Dialect of Somali". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 17 (3): 567–580. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00112467. 
• Andrzejewski, B. W. (1978). "The Development of a National Orthography in Somalia and the Modernization of the Somali Language". Horn of Africa 1 (3): 39–45. https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/handle/2307/5818. 
• Andrzejewski, B. W. (1993–1994). "Lilias Eveline Armstrong: The Founder of Somali Language Studies at The University of London". Hal-Abuur: Journal of Somali Literature and Culture/Wargeys-xilliyeedka Suugaanta & Dhaqanka Soomaalida 1 (2–3): 47–49. ISSN 0968-9184. 
• Armstrong, L. E.. An English Phonetic Reader, The London Phonetic Readers. London: University of London Press, 1923. 
• Armstrong, L. E. (1927). "swiˑdɪʃ". Le Maître Phonétique. 3rd Ser. 5 (18): 20-21. 
• Armstrong, L. E.. The Phonetics of French: A Practical Handbook. London: Bell, 1932. 
• Armstrong, L. E. (1933a). "soʊmɑlɪ". Le Maître Phonétique. 3rd Ser. 11 (44): 72-75. 
• Westermann, D.; Ward, Ida C.. Practical Phonetics for Students of African Languages. London: International African Institute, 1933b — 213–216-bet. 
• Armstrong, L. E. (1934). "The Phonetic Structure of Somali". Mitteilungen des Seminars für orientalische Sprachen zu Berlin 37 (Abt. III, Afrikanische Studien): 116–161. 
• Armstrong, L. E.. The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu. London: International African Institute, 1940. 
• Armstrong, L. E.; Pe Maung Tin. A Burmese Phonetic Reader: With English translation, The London Phonetic Readers. London: University of London Press, 1925. 
• Armstrong, L. E.; Ward, I. C.. Handbook of English Intonation, 2nd, Cambridge: Heffer, 1931. 
• Asher, R. E. (1994). "Armstrong, Lilias Eveline (1882–1937)". in Asher, R. E.. The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. 1 (1st nashri). Oxford: Pergamon. 221–222 b. ISBN 978-0-08-035943-4. 
• Asher, R. E. (May 2015). "Armstrong, Lilias Eveline (1882–1937)". in Cannadine, David. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/69787. 
• "A Personal Tribute to Professor Daniel Jones". Bulletin of the Phonetic Society of Japan 127: 19–22. April 1968. 
• Collins, Beverly; Mees, Inger M.. The Real Professor Higgins: The Life and Career of Daniel Jones. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1999. DOI:10.1515/9783110812367. ISBN 978-3-11-081236-7. 
• Collins, Beverly; Mees, Inger M. (2006). "Armstrong, Lilias Eveline (1882–1937)". in Brown, Keith. Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics. 1 (2nd nashri). Amsterdam: Elsevier. 478–479 b. doi:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/02428-7. ISBN 978-0-08-044854-1. 
• Coustenoble, H. N.; Armstrong, L. E.. Studies in French Intonation. Cambridge: Heffer, 1934. 
• Firth, J. R. (1933). "Notes on the Transcription of Burmese". Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London 7 (1): 137–140. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00105488. 
• Gimson, Alfred Charles (1977). "Armstrong, Lilias Eveline". A Biographical Dictionary of the Phonetic Sciences. New York: Lehman College. 4–5 b. 
• Hedgecock, F. A. (1935). "[Review of Coustenoble & Armstrong 1934]". Modern Languages 16 (5): 163–165. 
• Practical Orthography of African Languages, London, 1927. 
• Jones, Daniel. An Outline of English Phonetics, 2nd, New York: G. E. Stechert, 1922. 
• Jones, Daniel (1938). "Lilias Armstrong†". Le Maître Phonétique. 3rd Ser. 16 (61): 2. 
• Jones, Daniel (1948). "The London School of Phonetics". Zeitschrift für Phonetik und allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft 2 (3/4): 127–135. doi:10.1524/stuf.1948.12.jg.391. 
• Jones, Daniel. The Phoneme: Its Nature and Use. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons, 1950. 
• Jones, Daniel (1952). "Simon Boyanus†". Le Maître Phonétique. 3rd Ser. 30 (98): 20-22. 
• Jones, Daniel „Appendix A: Types of Phonetic Transcription“, . An Outline of English Phonetics, 9th, Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons, 1972 — 331–349-bet. 
• Klingenheben, August (1949). "Ist das Somali eine Tonsprache?" (de). Zeitschrift für Phonetik und Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft 3 (5–6): 289–303. doi:10.1524/stuf.1949.3.16.289. 
• Leach, Patrick (1988). "French Intonation: Tone or Tune?". Journal of the International Phonetic Association 18 (2): 125–139. doi:10.1017/S002510030000373X. 
• McLeod, A. L. „The University after the War“, . R. G. Howarth: Australian Man of Letters. Elgin, IL: New Dawn Press, 2005 — 58–81-bet. ISBN 978-1-932705-53-9. 
• [Nature staff] (1 January 1938). "Obituary Notices". Nature 141 (((3,557))): 17. doi:10.1038/141017b0. 
• Pasch, Helma „European Women and the Description and Teaching of African Languages“, . Women in the History of Linguistics. Oxford University Press, 2020 — 487–508-bet. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198754954.003.0020. ISBN 978-0-19-875495-4. 
• Passy, Paul (1927). "desizjɔ̃ dy kɔ̃sɛːj rəlativmɑ̃ o prɔpozisjɔ̃ d la kɔ̃ferɑ̃ːs də *kɔpnag" (fr). Le Maître Phonétique. 3rd Ser. 5 (18): 13-19. 
• Pe Maung Tin (1924). "bɜˑmiːz". Le Maître Phonétique. 3rd Ser. 2 (5): 4-5. 
• Pe Maung Tin (1930). "A Burmese Phonetic Reader". Journal of the Burma Research Society 20 (1): 49–51. https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.70654/2015.70654.Journal-Of-The-Burma-Research-Society-Vol20#page/n59/mode/1up. 
• Percy, Carol „British Women's Roles in the Standardization and Study of English“, . Women in the History of Linguistics. Oxford University Press, 2020 — 279–302-bet. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198754954.003.0011. ISBN 978-0-19-875495-4. 
• Pike, Kenneth L.. The Intonation of American English. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1945. 
• Plug, Leendert (2004). "The Early Career of J. R. Firth: Comments on Rebori (2002)". Historiographia Linguistica 31 (2/3): 469–477. doi:10.1075/hl.31.2.15plu. 
• Post, Brechtje „Theoretical background: modeling“, . Tonal and Phrasal Structures in French Intonation, LOT International Series. The Hague: Thesus, 2000 — 17–31-bet. ISBN 978-90-5569-117-3.  (Wayback Machine saytida 2017-10-16 sanasida arxivlangan)
• Saeed, John Ibrahim „R. C. Abraham and Somali Grammar: Tone, Derivational Morphology and Information Structure“, . Papers in Honour of R. C. Abraham (1890–1963), African Languages and Cultures, Supplement. London: SOAS, 1992 — 111–123-bet. DOI:10.4324/9780203989975. ISBN 978-0-203-98997-5. 
• Andoza:Cite newspaper The Times
• „Miss Lilias E. Armstrong“, Annual Report, February 1937 — February 1938. London: Taylor and Francis, 1938 — 33-34-bet. 
• Ward, Ida C. (1928). "The Phonetics Department: University College, London". Revue de Phonétique 5: 47–54. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k92981m/f47.item.r. 
• Watkins, Justin W. (2001). "Burmese". Journal of the International Phonetic Association 31 (2): 291–295. doi:10.1017/S0025100301002122. 

Qoʻshimcha oʻqish

• Andrzejewski, B. W. (c. 1989). "Lilias Eveline Armstrong and her Discoveries in Somali Phonology". https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/handle/2307/2591. 
• Asher, R. E. (2004). "Armstrong, Lilias Eveline (1882–1937)". in Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, Brian. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 2. Oxford University Press. 437–438 b. ISBN 978-0-19-861352-7. https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary02matt/page/437.  (Asher 2015 is an emended version of this entry.)
• Garmeister, Herbert. Die phonetischen Mittel des lyrischen Vortrags bei Miss Armstrong: Verglichen mit den Mitteln des Prosavortrags, Lebendige Sprache: Experimentalphonetische Untersuchungen (de). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1940. 
• Jones, Daniel „Lilias Armstrong“, . Daniel Jones: Selected Works. London: Routledge, 2003. ISBN 978-0-415-23343-9.  (This reprint of Jones 1938 is in standard English orthography.)
• Jones, Daniel „Simon Boyanus“, . Daniel Jones: Selected Works. London: Routledge, 2003. ISBN 978-0-415-23343-9.  (This reprint of Jones 1952 is in standard English orthography.)

Havolalar

• „Historic UCL Phonetics recordings pass to British Library“. UCL News (2008-yil 21-may). 2017-yil 16-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. — Includes audio sample of Armstrong from gramophone records accompanying Handbook of English Intonation.
• „The Week@UCL – Celebrating SCEP 100“. UCL Psychology and Language Sciences (2019-yil 16-iyul). 2020-yil 24-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. — Includes a photograph of Jones and Armstrong at the 1919 UCL Summer Course in English Phonetics.
• Tipp, Cheryl „Recording of the Week: English Spoken Here“. Sound and Vision Blog. The British Library (2019-yil 11-noyabr). 2020-yil 5-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. — Includes audio of Armstrong and Firth’s dialogue „At the Chemistʼs“ for English Spoken Here.
• Windsor Lewis, Jack „Lilias Armstrong b 29 Sept 1882“. PhonetiBlog (2008-yil 29-sentyabr). 2017-yil 16-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. — Includes audio sample of Armstrong from gramophone records accompanying Handbook of English Intonation with the corresponding page in the book.