National Geographic (jurnal)
National Geographic (ilgari The National Geographic Magazine[1], baʼzan NAT GEO[2] deb nomlanadi) – National Geographic Partners tomonidan chop etiladigan Amerika oylik jurnali[3]. Jurnal 1888-yilda ilmiy jurnal sifatida, jamiyat tashkil topganidan toʻqqiz oy oʻtib tashkil etilgan boʻlsa-da, hozirda eng mashhur jurnallardan biri hisoblanadi. 1905-yilda u suratlarni qoʻshishni boshladi, bu uslub bilan mashhur boʻldi. Uning birinchi rangli fotosuratlari 1910-yillarda paydo boʻlgan. Sovuq urush davrida jurnal Temir parda ortidagi mamlakatlarning jismoniy va insoniy geografiyasining muvozanatli koʻrinishini taqdim etish majburiyatini oldi. Keyinchalik jurnal atrof-muhit muammolari haqida ochiq gapira boshlaydi.
| National Geographic | |
|---|---|
| National Geographic Magazine March 2017 Cover.jpg | |
| Sohasi | Geografiya, tarix, tabiat, fan, jahon madaniyati |
| Davriyligi | oylik |
| Tili | Ingliz va boshqa turli tillar |
| Nashriyot (mamlakat) | (AQSh) |
2015-yilgacha jurnal toʻliq National Geographic Jamiyatiga tegishli boʻlgan. 2019-yildan boshlab aksiyalarning nazorat paketiga The Walt Disney kompaniyasi ham qoʻshilgan.
Koʻproq geografiya, tarix, tabiat, fan va jahon madaniyatiga oid mavzularni yoritib boradi. Jurnal oʻzining: sariq toʻrtburchak hoshiyali oʻralgan yaltiroq formati bilan mashhur. Yana jurnalning anʼanaviy bosma va interaktiv onlayn nashrlariga National Geographic Mapsʼdan xaritalar qoʻshilgan.
1995-yil holatiga koʻra, jurnal butun dunyo boʻylab qirqqa yaqin mahalliy tilda nashr etilgan va oyiga kamida 6,5 million (1980-yillar oxiridagi 12 milliondan kam), shu jumladan AQShda 3,5 million global tirajda bosib chiqarilgan[4][5]. 2015-yil holatiga koʻra, jurnal 25 ta Milliy jurnal mukofotini qoʻlga kiritgan[6].
2022-yil oktabr holatiga koʻra, Instagram sahifasida 243 million obunachiga ega, bu alohida mashhur kishiga tegishli boʻlmagan akkauntlarning orasida eng koʻpidir[7]. 2022-yil 31-dekabr holatiga koʻra tiraj 1,8 millionga yaqin edi[8].
2023-yilda National Geographic barcha yozuvchilarni ishdan boʻshatadi va kelgusi yilda AQSh gazeta doʻkonlari savdosini toʻxtatadi[9][10][11].
Adabiyotlar
tahrir- Stephanie L. Hawkins, American Iconographic: "National Geographic, " Global Culture, and the Visual Imagination, University of Virginia Press, 2010, 264 pages. A scholarly study of the magazineʼs rise as a cultural institution that uses the letters of its founders and its readers; argues that National Geographic encouraged readers to question Western values and identify with others. ISBN 978-0-8139-2966-8
- Catherine A. Lutz and Jane L. Collins. Reading National Geographic. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993. A foundational work in the field of visual anthropology. In 1915, Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor announced seven principles which would guide National Geographic. These included a call for absolute accuracy and objective reporting of important issues. Nothing controversial or partisan would be included. The emphasis would be on the photographs themselves.
- Robert M. Poole, Explorers House: National Geographic and the World it Made, 2004; reprint, Penguin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-14-303593-0
Manbalar
tahrir- ↑ „The National Geographic Magazine“. National Geographic Magazine. 1-jild, № 1. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society. October 1888. Front cover-bet. Qaraldi: 15 March 2023.
- ↑ Beatty, Luke „Evolving one of the world's most iconic, recognizable brands: National Geographic“. brandfolder.com (2018-yil yanvar). — „Our formal brand name is National Geographic and that is what we use. Of course, we recognize that a lot of our consumers call us "Nat Geo," and that's fine. We use "Nat Geo" primarily in the digital space, where character count is at a premium.“. 2023-yil 15-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 15-mart.
- ↑ "National Geographic Magazine". Encyclopedia Britannica. Washington, D.C.. March 28, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Geographic-Magazine.<!--->
- ↑ Farhi, Paul. „National Geographic gives Fox control of media assets in $725 million deal“ (2014-yil 9-sentyabr). 2019-yil 15-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2016-yil 8-iyul.
- ↑ „National Geographic Boilerplates“. National Geographic Press Room. National Geographic Society (2015-yil aprel). — „Published in English and nearly 40 local-language editions, National Geographic magazine has a global circulation of around 6.7 million.“. 2016-yil 4-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2016-yil 8-iyul.
- ↑ Howard, Brian Clark „National Geographic Wins National Magazine Awards“ (en). National Geographic (2015-yil 3-fevral). 2021-yil 19-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 19-noyabr.
- ↑ „Top 100 Instagrammers“. 2021-yil 16-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 26-may.
- ↑ „Magazine media – Circulation averages“. Alliance for Audited Media. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 26-iyun.
- ↑ Nair, Deepthi „National Geographic lays off all staff writers and will stop US newsstand sales“ (en). The National (2023-yil 29-iyun). Qaraldi: 2023-yil 10-iyul.
- ↑ Clayton, Abené. „National Geographic reportedly lays off its last staff writers“ (en-GB). The Guardian (2023-yil 29-iyun). Qaraldi: 2023-yil 10-iyul.
- ↑ „My new National Geographic just arrived, which includes my latest feature—my 16th, and my last as a senior writer. NatGeo is laying off all of its staff writers. I've been so lucky. I got to work w/incredible journalists and tell important, global stories. It's been an honor.“ (en). Twitter. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 10-iyul.
Havolalar
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