Shusha qirgʻini

Shusha qirgʻini
Joylashgan	Togʻli Qorabogʻ (Armaniston va Ozarbayjon oʻrtasida talash hudud)
Sana	1920-yil mart
Nishon	Armaniston tinch aholisi
Hujum turi	Qirgʻin, tartibsizliklar, pogrom
Halok boʻlganlar	500 dan 20,000 gacha armanlar

Shusha qirgʻini (armancha: Շուշիի ջարդեր – Shushii charder) — 1920-yilda Ozarbayjon Demokratik Respublikasi hokimiyatiga qarshi arman qoʻzgʻoloni bostirilgandan keyin Shushadagi arman aholisini^[3]^[4]^[5] ommaviy ravishda oʻldirishi va shaharning arman aholisining yarmini qirib tashlagan voqea^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15].

Ushbu voqea 1920-yil 22-mart va 26-mart kunlari boʻlib oʻtdi va uning ortidan Armaniston va Ozarbayjon tomonidan mintaqaga egalik huquqining raqobatdoshligi toʻgʻrisidagi nizo kelib chiqdi. Natijada Shushaning armanlar yashaydigan kvartallari toʻliq vayron qilindi va shaharning arman aholisi yoʻq qilindi.

1920-yil 22-26-martdagi voqealar

Richard Ovannisyanning soʻzlariga koʻra, Ozarbayjon tomonining avgustdagi kelishuv shartlarini buzishi, oxir-oqibat 1920-yil mart oyining oxirida muvaffaqiyatsiz tugagan qurolli qoʻzgʻolonga urinishga olib keldi.

ADR Ichki ishlar vaziri M.Vekilovning soʻzlariga koʻra, 22-martga qadar qurollangan armanlar soni 400 kishiga yetkazilgan.

22-martdan 23-martga oʻtar kechasi Navroʻzni nishonlash paytida Armaniston qurolli guruhlari ozarbayjonlarni kutilmagan tarzda Shusha, Askeran va Xankendidagi Ozarbayjon garnizonlariga hujum qilishdi. Rejaga koʻra, bir vaqtning oʻzida uchta strategik nuqtaga zarba berish kerak edi. Ovannisyanning soʻzlariga koʻra, Shushada Nerses Azbekyan boshchiligidagi 100 kishilik mahalliy arman militsiyasining otryadi Armaniston mahallasida Ozarbayjon garnizonini qurolsizlantirishga majbur boʻlgan va 22-mart kuni kechqurun shaharga yetib kelgan Varanda shahridan boʻlgan militsiya boʻlinmasi faoliyat yuritishi kerak edi. Biroq, bu reja amalga oshmadi: Varandi xalqi juda uzoq vaqt ikkilanib turdi va ertalab ozarbayjonlik zobitlarning faqat bir nechtasini hibsga olishga muvaffaq boʻldi, Azbekyanning yuzligi esa, Varandiyaliklar bilan aloqa oʻrnatolmay, uzoqdan Shusha qalʼasini oʻqqa tuta boshladi, bu esa ozarbayjonlarga qarshi qilingan hujum edi.

General-gubernator Xosrovbey Sultonov Ichki ishlar vaziriga 23-mart kuni armanlar Shushikendan tunda Shushaga hujumlar uyushtirishganini maʼlum qildi.

Chalkashlik erta tongga qadar davom etdi, garnizon armanlarning Xankendiga hujumi muvaffaqiyatsiz tugaganligi toʻgʻrisida xabarni qabul qilib, qasos oldi va keyin mahalliy ozarbayjon aholisi ishtirokida Armaniston kvartallarida qirgʻin uyushtirdi, bu esa butun arman aholisini ommaviy ravishda oʻldirish va haydab chiqarishga olib keldi. Kutilmaganda yongʻin chiqishi natijasida Armaniston mahallalari vayron boʻldi. Bir necha ming aholi qalin tumandan foydalanib, shahardan Varanda tomon Karintak yoʻli boʻylab qochishga muvaffaq boʻldi. Qurbonlar orasida ozarbayjonliklar tomonidan osilgan arman yepiskopi Vaan va tiriklayin yoqib yuborilgan shahar politsiyasi boshligʻi Avetis Ter-Gukasyan ham bor edi.

Qirgʻin

Manbalar

↑ The Journal of international relations, Volume 10 By Clark University-page 252
↑ „The Nagorno-Karabagh Crisis: A Blueprint for Resolution“ (PDF). Public International Law & Policy Group and the New England Center for International Law & Policy (2000-yil iyun). — „In August 1919, the Karabagh National Council entered into a provisional treaty agreement with the Azerbaijani government. Despite signing the Agreement, the Azerbaijani government continuously violated the terms of the treaty. This culminated in March 1920 with the Azerbaijanis' massacre of Armenians in Karabagh's former capital, Shushi, in which it is estimated that more than 20,000 Armenians were killed.“.
↑ Thomas de Waal. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through Peace and War, p. 128. ISBN 0814719449
↑ Michael P. Croissant. The Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict: Causes and Implications. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998. ISBN 0275962415, 9780275962418, p. 17
↑ Tim Potier. Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal. ISBN 9041114777
↑ Edward Thomas Devine, Paul Underwood Kellogg, The Survey, Volume 43, Survey Associates, Charity Organization Society of the City of New York, 1920, p. 346 "...caused a recent exodus of over two thousand Armenians form Shusha (survivors of a Tartar post-war massacre there) through hostile villages to the nearest rail point..."
↑ S. Neil MacFarlane, Oliver Thränert,, Balancing hegemony: the OSCE in the CIS, Centre for International Relations, 1997, p. 71 "Another event of the period was the massacre in March 1920 of Armenians in Shusha, the historic centre of Karabakh, which shifted its ethnic status from an Armenian-dominated town to an Azeri-dominated one."
↑ Brook, Stephen. Claws of the crab: Georgia and Armenia in crisis, 1993 — 326-bet. „In the 1920s a massacre of Armenians led to an Azeri majority in the town.“
↑ Chorbajian, Levon. The Caucasian Knot: The History & Geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabagh. London: Zed Books, 1994 — 141-bet. ISBN 9781856492881. „The city of Shushi, formerly the third largest city in Transcaucasia, saw its Armenian population decimated by the massacre of March 1920.“
↑ (ruscha) A. Zubov, Политическое будущее Кавказа: опыт ретроспективно-сравнительного анализа (Political future of the Caucasus),"Znamiya" journal, 2000, #4 "Британская администрация почему-то передала населенные армянами уезды Елизаветпольской губернии под юрисдикцию Азербайджана. Британский администратор Карабаха полковник Шательворт не препятствовал притеснениям армян, чинимым татарской администрацией губернатора Салтанова. Межнациональные трения завершились страшной резней, в которой погибла большая часть армян города Шуши. Бакинский парламент отказался даже осудить свершителей Шушинской резни, и в Карабахе вспыхнула война."
"The British administrator of Karabakh, Colonel D.I. Shuttleworth did not interfere with the discrimination of Armenians by Tatarian administration of governor Saltanov. The national clashes ended by the terrible massacres in which the most of Armenians in Shusha town perished. The Parliament in Baku refused even condemn the accomplishers of the massacres in Shusha and the war was started in Karabakh."
↑ Verluise, Pierre (April 1995), Armenia in Crisis: The 1988 Earthquake, Wayne State University Press, 6-bet, ISBN 0814325270
↑ "exterminé la population arménienne dans l'ancienne capitale Chouchi au début du 20ème siècle." La nation, un concept républicain (14ème partie): les solutions républicaines fondées sur les états-nations pour des conflits actuels, par Valentin Boudras-Chapon // ReSPUBLICA journal, Mardi 22 mai 2007 (Wayback Machine saytida 2007-10-25 sanasida arxivlangan)
↑ „Situation des réfugiés et déplacés d'origine arménienne sur le territoire de l'ex-Union soviétique“ (French). Commission des recours des refugies. — „De 1918 à 1920, les républiques indépendantes d'Arménie et d'Azerbaïdjan se sont disputées le contrôle du Karabagh, pour des raisons symboliques et stratégiques. Des pogroms et des incendies anéantissent le quartier arménien de Chouchi en février 1920.“.
↑ I. P. Dobaev, V. I. Nemchina: И.П.Добаев, В.И.Немчина. Новый терроризм в мире и на Юге России: сущность, эволюция, опыт противодействия (Ростов н/Д., 2005)
↑ For Kin or Country: Xenophobia, Nationalism, and War By Stephen M. Saideman, R. William Ayres

[1] The Journal of international relations, Volume 10 By Clark University-page 252

[nesl-2] „The Nagorno-Karabagh Crisis: A Blueprint for Resolution“ (PDF). Public International Law & Policy Group and the New England Center for International Law & Policy (2000-yil iyun). — „In August 1919, the Karabagh National Council entered into a provisional treaty agreement with the Azerbaijani government. Despite signing the Agreement, the Azerbaijani government continuously violated the terms of the treaty. This culminated in March 1920 with the Azerbaijanis' massacre of Armenians in Karabagh's former capital, Shushi, in which it is estimated that more than 20,000 Armenians were killed.“.

[3] Thomas de Waal. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through Peace and War, p. 128. ISBN 0814719449

[4] Michael P. Croissant. The Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict: Causes and Implications. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998. ISBN 0275962415, 9780275962418, p. 17

[5] Tim Potier. Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal. ISBN 9041114777

[6] Edward Thomas Devine, Paul Underwood Kellogg, The Survey, Volume 43, Survey Associates, Charity Organization Society of the City of New York, 1920, p. 346 "...caused a recent exodus of over two thousand Armenians form Shusha (survivors of a Tartar post-war massacre there) through hostile villages to the nearest rail point..."

[7] S. Neil MacFarlane, Oliver Thränert,, Balancing hegemony: the OSCE in the CIS, Centre for International Relations, 1997, p. 71 "Another event of the period was the massacre in March 1920 of Armenians in Shusha, the historic centre of Karabakh, which shifted its ethnic status from an Armenian-dominated town to an Azeri-dominated one."

[8] Brook, Stephen. Claws of the crab: Georgia and Armenia in crisis, 1993 — 326-bet. „In the 1920s a massacre of Armenians led to an Azeri majority in the town.“

[9] Chorbajian, Levon. The Caucasian Knot: The History & Geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabagh. London: Zed Books, 1994 — 141-bet. ISBN 9781856492881. „The city of Shushi, formerly the third largest city in Transcaucasia, saw its Armenian population decimated by the massacre of March 1920.“

[10] (ruscha) A. Zubov, Политическое будущее Кавказа: опыт ретроспективно-сравнительного анализа (Political future of the Caucasus),"Znamiya" journal, 2000, #4 "Британская администрация почему-то передала населенные армянами уезды Елизаветпольской губернии под юрисдикцию Азербайджана. Британский администратор Карабаха полковник Шательворт не препятствовал притеснениям армян, чинимым татарской администрацией губернатора Салтанова. Межнациональные трения завершились страшной резней, в которой погибла большая часть армян города Шуши. Бакинский парламент отказался даже осудить свершителей Шушинской резни, и в Карабахе вспыхнула война."
"The British administrator of Karabakh, Colonel D.I. Shuttleworth did not interfere with the discrimination of Armenians by Tatarian administration of governor Saltanov. The national clashes ended by the terrible massacres in which the most of Armenians in Shusha town perished. The Parliament in Baku refused even condemn the accomplishers of the massacres in Shusha and the war was started in Karabakh."

[11] Verluise, Pierre (April 1995), Armenia in Crisis: The 1988 Earthquake, Wayne State University Press, 6-bet, ISBN 0814325270

[12] "exterminé la population arménienne dans l'ancienne capitale Chouchi au début du 20ème siècle." La nation, un concept républicain (14ème partie): les solutions républicaines fondées sur les états-nations pour des conflits actuels, par Valentin Boudras-Chapon // ReSPUBLICA journal, Mardi 22 mai 2007 (Wayback Machine saytida 2007-10-25 sanasida arxivlangan)

[13] „Situation des réfugiés et déplacés d'origine arménienne sur le territoire de l'ex-Union soviétique“ (French). Commission des recours des refugies. — „De 1918 à 1920, les républiques indépendantes d'Arménie et d'Azerbaïdjan se sont disputées le contrôle du Karabagh, pour des raisons symboliques et stratégiques. Des pogroms et des incendies anéantissent le quartier arménien de Chouchi en février 1920.“.

[14] I. P. Dobaev, V. I. Nemchina: И.П.Добаев, В.И.Немчина. Новый терроризм в мире и на Юге России: сущность, эволюция, опыт противодействия (Ростов н/Д., 2005)

[15] For Kin or Country: Xenophobia, Nationalism, and War By Stephen M. Saideman, R. William Ayres

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