Yâkutiye madrasasi

Yâkutiye madrasasi (turkcha: Yâkutiye Medresesi) Turkiyaning Erzurum shahrida qurilgan, 14-asrga oid tarixiy madrasa^[1]. Madrasa 1310-yilda Hulokuiylarning mahalliy hokimi Xoja Yoqut buyrugʻi bilan qurilgan va uning nomi bilan atalgan^[2].

Tuzilishi

U toʻrtburchak shakldagi bino boʻlib, ichki hovlisining atrofi talabalar uchun moʻljallangan xonalar bilan oʻralgan. Uning tosh oʻymakorligi bilan bezatilgan monumental peshtoqi va geometrik bezakli bitta minorasi bor. Bugungi kunda binodan etnografiya, turk va islom sanʼatiga bagʻishlangan muzey sifatida foydalaniladi^[2].

Dizayni

Yâkutiye madrasasi masjidida muqarna dizayni bilan bezatilgan gumbaz va 1310-yilda qurilgan va oxir-oqibat arman gavit narteksi gumbazidan olingan markaziy okulusga ega^[3].

Manbalar

↑ Denknalbant, Ayşe (2013). "Yâkutiye Medresesi ve Kümbeti" (tr). Islam Ansiklopedisi [Yakutiye Madrasa and Kümbet]. 43. Istanbul: Turkish Diyanet Foundation. 293–295 b. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/yakutiye-medresesi-ve-kumbeti.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Turkey: Turkey, Suzanne Swan, page 318, 2012
↑ Eastmond, Antony. Tamta's World: The Life and Encounters of a Medieval Noblewoman from the Middle East to Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, 1 January 2017 — 297-bet. DOI:10.1017/9781316711774.011. „The most obvious architectural form that was adopted in Armenian churches was the muqarnas vault. A fine example is the complex muqarnas that was used to build up the central vault of the zhamatun at Harichavank, which was added to the main church in the monastery by 1219. The origin of this type of vaulting clearly comes from Islamic sources, but it is used very differently here. There are no comparable examples in the Islamic world of using it to form complete vaults with an oculus in the centre. Throughout Anatolia in this period muqarnas were used to form niche heads. It was used for domes elsewhere in the Islamic world, as at Nur al-Din Zangi’s 1174 hospital in Damascus, but conceived very differently: the monastic muqarnas are structurally pendentives, whereas the Damascus dome is a succession of stucco squinches. A generation later the Armenian use of muqarnas was re-imported into the Muslim world, and buildings such as the Yakutiye Madrasa in Erzurum (1310) copied the idea of a muqarnas vault around an oculus.“

39°54′23″N 41°16′20″E / 39.9064°N 41.2721°E / 39.9064; 41.2721

[1] Denknalbant, Ayşe (2013). "Yâkutiye Medresesi ve Kümbeti" (tr). Islam Ansiklopedisi [Yakutiye Madrasa and Kümbet]. 43. Istanbul: Turkish Diyanet Foundation. 293–295 b. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/yakutiye-medresesi-ve-kumbeti.

[DKE-2] 2,0 ^2,1 DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Turkey: Turkey, Suzanne Swan, page 318, 2012

[3] Eastmond, Antony. Tamta's World: The Life and Encounters of a Medieval Noblewoman from the Middle East to Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, 1 January 2017 — 297-bet. DOI:10.1017/9781316711774.011. „The most obvious architectural form that was adopted in Armenian churches was the muqarnas vault. A fine example is the complex muqarnas that was used to build up the central vault of the zhamatun at Harichavank, which was added to the main church in the monastery by 1219. The origin of this type of vaulting clearly comes from Islamic sources, but it is used very differently here. There are no comparable examples in the Islamic world of using it to form complete vaults with an oculus in the centre. Throughout Anatolia in this period muqarnas were used to form niche heads. It was used for domes elsewhere in the Islamic world, as at Nur al-Din Zangi’s 1174 hospital in Damascus, but conceived very differently: the monastic muqarnas are structurally pendentives, whereas the Damascus dome is a succession of stucco squinches. A generation later the Armenian use of muqarnas was re-imported into the Muslim world, and buildings such as the Yakutiye Madrasa in Erzurum (1310) copied the idea of a muqarnas vault around an oculus.“

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