Artemida 3

Artemis 3 (rasmiy nomi Artemis III )^[1] Artemis dasturining birinchi ekipajli Oyga qo‘nishi va Starship HLS qo‘nuvchisining birinchi ekipajli parvozi sifatida rejalashtirilgan^[2]. 2025-yil dekabr oyida ishga tushirilishi rejalashtirilgan Artemis 3 ikkinchi ekipajli Artemida missiyasi va 1972-yil dekabrida Apollon 1-dan keyin birinchi ekipajli Oyga qo‘nishi bo‘lishi rejalashtirilgan^[3].

Umumiy koʻrinishi

Artemida III rejasi ekipajni Oyning janubiy qutb mintaqasiga qo'ndirishdir^[4]. Taxminan bir hafta davomida Oy yuzasida ikki kosmonavt bo'lishi rejalashtirilgan^[5]. Missiya Oyga ayol va oq tanli bo'lmagan odamni birinchi bo'lib joylashtirish uchun mo'ljallangan edi^[6]^[7]. To'rttagacha astronavt Yerni Orion MPCV bortida tark etsa-da, Inson qo'nish tizimi (HLS) bilan yer usti missiyasi ik ladan, suv muzidan namuna olishadi. Artemida III qo'nishidan oldin, ba'zi qo'shimcha jihozlar, shu jumladan kosmonavtlar oyga ekskursiyalari paytida foydalanishlari uchun bosimsiz rover ham yuzaga oldindan joylashtiriladi. Ushbu rover masofadan turib boshqarish imkoniyatiga ega bo'ladi. Doimiy soyada bo'lgan bir nechta hududlarga 5 to 15 km (3.1 to 9.3 mi) qisqa yurish orqali erishish mumkin edi, rover oralig'ida yaxshi hisoblanadi^[8].

Kosmik kema

Kosmik kemani ishga tushirish tizimi

Space Launch System-bu Orion kosmik kemasini Yerdan trans-oy orbitasiga olib chiqish uchun ishlatiladigan o'ta og'ir yuk ko'tarish moslamasi.Bu SLS Blok 1 dan foydalangan holda yakuniy missiya bo'ladi, dizayn birinchi uchta missiya uchun ishlatiladi. Keyinchalik, Artemis 4 dan, taklif qilingan Artemis 9 ga qadar, barcha Space Launch System va Artemis missiyalari kengaytirilgan Exploration Upper Stage va boshqa foydali yuklarni tashish uchun yuk ombori bilan SLS Block 1B dan foydalanadi.

Orion

Orion barcha ekipajli Artemis missiyalarida foydalaniladigan ekipaj transport vositasidir. U ekipajni Yerdan Gateway orbitasiga olib chiqadi va ularni Yerga qaytaradi.Ekipaj sig'imi 4 kishidan iborat bo'lib, u koinotni chuqur o'rganishda ekipaj va yuklarni tashish uchun ham ishlatilishi mumkin.

Gateway

Gateway-bu Artemis 3 missiyasidan oldin to'g'ri chiziqli halo orbitada (NRHO) o'rnatiladigan kichik modulli kosmik stantsiya. HLS va Orion ikkalasi ham ekipajni o'tkazish uchun Gatewayga bog'lanadi^[9]. Mumkin bo'lgan jadval slipining ta'sirini yumshatish uchun Artemis 3 missiyasi Gateway-ga bog'liq emas. Agar Gateway mavjud bo'lmasa, astronavtlar to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Oriondan HLSga o'tadilar.

Yulduzli kema HLS

Artemida III Operatsiyalar tushunchasi

Ko‘p fazali dizayn harakatlaridan so‘ng, 2021-yil 16-aprelda NASA SpaceX’ni Starship HLS’ni ishlab chiqish va Artemis 3 missiyasida foydalanish uchun ekipaj yetib kelishidan oldin uni Gateway orbitasiga yetkazish uchun tanladi. Yetkazib berish Starship HLS ni NRHOga ko'tarilishdan oldin past Yer orbitasida (LEO) yonilg'i bilan to'ldirishni talab qiladi va bu yonilg'i quyish uchun LEOda bir nechta tanker reyslari bilan to'ldirilgan oldindan joylashtirilgan yoqilg'i ombori kerak^[10].Ikki kosmonavt Oriondan Starship HLS ga o'tadi, ular oy yuzasiga tushadi va ularni Orionga qaytarishdan oldin bir necha kun ushlab turadi. Astronavtlar qaytib kelganidan so'ng, Starship HLS geliotsentrik orbitaga yuborish orqali utilizatsiya qilinadi^[11].

Rivojlanishi

2017-yil dekabrida Tramp maʼmuriyatining Kosmik siyosat boʻyicha 1-direktivasi ratifikatsiya qilingandan soʻng, Orion koʻp maqsadli ekipaj avtomobili (MPCV) va Oy orbitasida kosmik stansiyadan foydalangan holda ekipajli oy kampaniyasi (keyinchalik Artemida dasturi deb nomlanuvchi) tashkil etildi. Dastlab Exploration Mission-3 (EM-3) deb nomlangan bo'lib, missiyaning maqsadi to'rtta astronavtni Oy atrofida to'g'ri chiziqli halo orbitasiga jo'natish va ESPRIT va AQShdan foydalanish modulini Oy fazo stantsiyasiga etkazish edi. Gateway ^[12]. Biroq, 2019-yil may oyiga kelib, ESPRIT va AQShning foydalanish moduli (hozirda HALO deb ataladi) o'rniga tijorat raketasida alohida uchish uchun qaytadan namoyon bo'ldi. Artemis 3, endi hisob-kitob qilinganidek, 2024-yil oxirigacha Artemis dasturining birinchi ekipajli Oyga qo'nishini tezlashtirish uchun o'zgartirildi, bu profil Orion MPCV uchrashuvini faqat Powerdan tashkil topgan minimal shlyuz bilan ko'rishi mumkin edi. Va qoʻzgʻalish elementi va Tijoriy yoʻl bilan sotib olingan Oyga qoʻnish qurilmasi bilan kichik yashash joyi/ dok -tugun^[13].

2020-yil boshiga kelib, Orion va HLS-ning Gateway bilan uchrashish rejalari Orion va HLS-ning yakkaxon namoyishi va Artemis dasturidan mustaqil ravishda Gateway-ni ishlab chiqish foydasiga bekor qilindi^[14]^[15].

2021-yil 10-avgustda Bosh inspektorlik tekshiruvi idorasi skafandrlar 2025-yilning apreliga qadar tayyor bo‘lmasligi haqidagi xulosani ma’lum qildi, bu esa missiyani rejalashtirilgan 2024-yil oxiriga qadar kechiktirishi mumkin ^[16].

2021-yil 9-noyabrda NASA maʼmuriyati Bill Nelson Artemida 3 2025-yildan erta boʻlmasligini tasdiqladi^[17].

Manbalari

↑ Artemis : brand book (Report). Washington, D.C.: NASA. 2019. NP-2019-07-2735-HQ. "MISSION NAMING CONVENTION. While Apollo mission patches used numbers and roman numerals throughout the program, Artemis mission names will use a roman numeral convention."
↑ Potter. „NASA Provides Update to Astronaut Moon Lander Plans Under Artemis“. NASA (2022-yil 23-mart). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 23-mart.
↑ Foust. „NASA planning to spend up to $1 billion on space station deorbit module“. SpaceNews (2023-yil 13-mart). Qaraldi: 2023-yil 13-mart.
↑ Chang. „For Artemis Mission to Moon, NASA Seeks to Add Billions to Budget“ (2019-yil 25-may). — „Under the NASA plan, a mission to land on the Moon would take place during the third launch of the Space Launch System. Astronauts, including the first woman to walk on the Moon, Jim Bridenstine said, would first stop at the orbiting lunar outpost. They would then take a lander to the surface near its south pole, where frozen water exists within the craters.“. 2019-yil 25-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 25-may.
↑ Foust, Jeff. „NASA outlines plans for lunar lander development through commercial partnerships“. SpaceNews (2019-yil 21-iyul). 2021-yil 1-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 17-iyul.
↑ Howell. „NASA's Artemis 3 mission: Landing humans on the moon“. Space.com (2022-yil 18-avgust). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 11-dekabr.
↑ „NASA unveils schedule for 'Artemis' 2024 Moon mission“. France24 (2019-yil 23-may). 2020-yil 1-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 21-iyul.
↑ Berger. „NASA shares details of lunar surface missions—and they're pretty cool“. Ars Technica (2019-yil 29-oktyabr). 2021-yil 30-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 17-iyul.
↑ Mars. „Gateway“. NASA (2016-yil 17-avgust). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 6-sentyabr.
↑ Chojnacki. „Human Landing System“. NASA.
↑ @jeff_foust. „Kirasich: no plans to reuse the Starship for the Artemis 3 landing. Will dispose of it by putting it on heliocentric orbit.“ (2022-yil 31-oktyabr). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 31-oktyabr.
↑ Sloss. „NASA evaluates EM-2 launch options for Deep Space Gateway PPE“. NASASpaceFlight.com (2017-yil 4-dekabr). 2019-yil 9-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 2-mart.
↑ Grush. „NASA administrator on new Moon plan: "We're doing this in a way that's never been done before"“. The Verge (2019-yil 17-may). 2020-yil 4-iyulda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 17-iyul.
↑ Gohd. „NASA's "critical path" to the Moon no longer requires a lunar Gateway: Report“. Space.com (2020-yil 16-mart). — „NASA has removed the Lunar Gateway from its "critical path" to return humans to the Moon by 2024, according to a SpaceNews report.“. 2020-yil 16-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 16-may.
↑ Foust. „NASA refines plans for launching Gateway and other Artemis elements“. SpaceNews (2020-yil 14-may). — „... Loverro reiterated previous statements that the Gateway will not be used for the Artemis 3 mission that will attempt to land humans on the Moon to "make that mission have a higher probability of success"“. 2020-yil 16-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 16-may.
↑ „NASA's development of next-generation spacesuits“ (2021-yil 10-avgust). — „... the suits would not be ready for flight until April 2025 at the earliest ... a lunar landing in late 2024 as NASA currently plans is not feasible.“. 2021-yil 10-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 10-avgust.
↑ Foust. „NASA delays human lunar landing to at least 2025“. SpaceNews (2021-yil 9-noyabr). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 9-noyabr.

Havolalar

Orion veb-sayti nasa.gov
Space Launch System veb-sayti nasa.gov

[1] Artemis : brand book (Report). Washington, D.C.: NASA. 2019. NP-2019-07-2735-HQ. "MISSION NAMING CONVENTION. While Apollo mission patches used numbers and roman numerals throughout the program, Artemis mission names will use a roman numeral convention."

[2] Potter. „NASA Provides Update to Astronaut Moon Lander Plans Under Artemis“. NASA (2022-yil 23-mart). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 23-mart.

[sn-20230313-3] Foust. „NASA planning to spend up to $1 billion on space station deorbit module“. SpaceNews (2023-yil 13-mart). Qaraldi: 2023-yil 13-mart.

[a3-2-4] Chang. „For Artemis Mission to Moon, NASA Seeks to Add Billions to Budget“ (2019-yil 25-may). — „Under the NASA plan, a mission to land on the Moon would take place during the third launch of the Space Launch System. Astronauts, including the first woman to walk on the Moon, Jim Bridenstine said, would first stop at the orbiting lunar outpost. They would then take a lander to the surface near its south pole, where frozen water exists within the craters.“. 2019-yil 25-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 25-may.

[5] Foust, Jeff. „NASA outlines plans for lunar lander development through commercial partnerships“. SpaceNews (2019-yil 21-iyul). 2021-yil 1-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 17-iyul.

[6] Howell. „NASA's Artemis 3 mission: Landing humans on the moon“. Space.com (2022-yil 18-avgust). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 11-dekabr.

[7] „NASA unveils schedule for 'Artemis' 2024 Moon mission“. France24 (2019-yil 23-may). 2020-yil 1-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 21-iyul.

[8] Berger. „NASA shares details of lunar surface missions—and they're pretty cool“. Ars Technica (2019-yil 29-oktyabr). 2021-yil 30-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 17-iyul.

[9] Mars. „Gateway“. NASA (2016-yil 17-avgust). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 6-sentyabr.

[10] Chojnacki. „Human Landing System“. NASA.

[11] @jeff_foust. „Kirasich: no plans to reuse the Starship for the Artemis 3 landing. Will dispose of it by putting it on heliocentric orbit.“ (2022-yil 31-oktyabr). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 31-oktyabr.

[12] Sloss. „NASA evaluates EM-2 launch options for Deep Space Gateway PPE“. NASASpaceFlight.com (2017-yil 4-dekabr). 2019-yil 9-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 2-mart.

[Verge_May2019-13] Grush. „NASA administrator on new Moon plan: "We're doing this in a way that's never been done before"“. The Verge (2019-yil 17-may). 2020-yil 4-iyulda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 17-iyul.

[nogateway-1-14] Gohd. „NASA's "critical path" to the Moon no longer requires a lunar Gateway: Report“. Space.com (2020-yil 16-mart). — „NASA has removed the Lunar Gateway from its "critical path" to return humans to the Moon by 2024, according to a SpaceNews report.“. 2020-yil 16-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 16-may.

[nogateway-2-15] Foust. „NASA refines plans for launching Gateway and other Artemis elements“. SpaceNews (2020-yil 14-may). — „... Loverro reiterated previous statements that the Gateway will not be used for the Artemis 3 mission that will attempt to land humans on the Moon to "make that mission have a higher probability of success"“. 2020-yil 16-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 16-may.

[16] „NASA's development of next-generation spacesuits“ (2021-yil 10-avgust). — „... the suits would not be ready for flight until April 2025 at the earliest ... a lunar landing in late 2024 as NASA currently plans is not feasible.“. 2021-yil 10-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 10-avgust.

[sn-20211109-17] Foust. „NASA delays human lunar landing to at least 2025“. SpaceNews (2021-yil 9-noyabr). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 9-noyabr.

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