Artemiy Vedel

Artemiy Lukyanovich Vedel (13-aprel [E.U. 1-aprel] 1767  – 26-iyul [E.U. 14-iyul] 1808), Artemiy Lukyanovich Vedelskiy tugʻilgan, asli ukrainalik rus harbiy va liturgik musiqa turida ijod qilgan bastakor. Ukraina xalq kuylari asosida asarlar yaratgan va Ukraina musiqa tarixiga muhim hissa qoʻshgan. Maksim Berezovskiy va Dmitriy Bortnyanskiy bilan birgalikda Vedel musiqashunoslar tomonidan XVIII asr Ukraina klassik musiqasining „Oltin uchlik“ kompozitorlaridan va Rossiyaning eng yirik xor bastakorlaridan biri sifatida tan olingan.

Artemiy Vedel
Ukraina esdalik markasida tasvirlangan Vedel
Tavalludi	13-aprel [E.U. 1-aprel] 1767
Vafoti	26-iyul [E.U. 14-iyul] 1808 (41 yoshda) Kiyev, Kichik Rossiya gubernatorligi, Rossiya imperiyasi
Fuqaroligi	Rossiya Imperiyasi
Taʼlimi	Kiyev-Mogila akademiyasi

Hayoti va ijodiy faoliyati

Vedel Kiyevda boy yogʻoch oʻymakori oilasida tugʻilgan. 1787-yilgacha Kiyev-Mogila akademiyasida oʻqigan, shundan soʻng akademiyaning xor va orkestriga dirijyorlik qilishga tayinlangan. 1788-yilda Moskvaga viloyat gubernatorligiga ishga yuborilgan, lekin 1791-yilda uyiga qaytib, Kiyev-Mogila akademiyasida oʻz faoliyatini davom ettirgtgan. General Andrey Levanidov uni Kiyevning polk cherkovi va xoriga rahbarlik qilish uchun yollagan – Levanidov homiyligida Vedel bastakor sifatida oʻz ijodining choʻqqisiga chiqqan. Levanidov bilan Xarkov gubernatorligiga koʻchib oʻtgan, shu yerda yangi xor va orkestr tashkil qilgan hamda Xarkov kollegiyasida dars bergan.

Xarkovning madaniy hayoti Rossiya podshosi Pavel I tomonidan chiqarilgan farmonlarga taʼsir qilganda, uning boyligi pasayib ketdi. Homiysi yoʻqligi va musiqa ijro eta olmaganligi sababli, 1798-yilda Kiyevga uyiga qaytib kelgan va Kiyev Pechersk lavrasining yangi rohibiga aylangan. Monastir maʼmurlari rus qirollik oilasiga qoʻlda yozilgan tahdidlarni aniqlab, ularni yozishda Vedelni ayblaganlar. Keyinchalik ruhiy kasal sifatida qamoqqa olingan va yozish taqiqlab qoʻyilgan. Deyarli oʻn yil oʻtgach, rasmiylar unga oʻlimidan oldin otasining uyiga borib kelishi uchun ruxsat berishgan.

Vedel musiqasi Ukraina Sovet Ittifoqining bir qismi boʻlgan davrda taqiqlangan. Uning 80 dan ortiq asarlari maʼlum, shu jumladan 31 xor kontserti, lekin uning koʻplab kompozitsiyalari yoʻqolgan. Xor musiqasining aksariyati Zaburdan olingan matnlardan foydalanilgan. Vedel kompozitsiyalarining uslubi uning hayoti davomida klassik musiqada sodir boʻlgan oʻzgarishlarni aks ettirgan; unga Ukrainaning barokko anʼanalari, balki Gʻarbiy Yevropaning yangi opera va cholgʻu uslublari ham taʼsir koʻrsatgan.

Adabiyotlar

• Alwes, Chester L.. A History of Western Choral Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. ISBN 978-0-19-937701-5. 
• van Boer, Bertil. Historical Dictionary of Music.. Plymouth: Scarecrow Press, 2012. ISBN 978-0-8108-7183-0. 
• Fairclough, Pauline (2012). ""Don't Sing It on a Feast Day": The Reception and Performance of Western Sacred Music in Soviet Russia, 1917–1953". Journal of the American Musicological Society (University of California Press) 65 (1): 67–111. doi:10.1525/jams.2012.65.1.67. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jams.2012.65.1.67. 
• Filenko, Taras. Artem Vedel: Twelve Sacred Choral Concerti & Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom (en, uk). Halifax, Canada: Leaf Music Inc., 2018. 
• Hamm, Michael F.. Kiev: A Portrait, 1800–1917. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993. ISBN 978-1-4008-5151-5. 
• Katchanovski, Ivan. Historical Dictionary of Ukraine, 2nd, Plymouth: Scarecrow Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0-8108-7847-1. 
• Korniy, Lydia Pylypyvna. Історія української музики (uk). Kharkiv; New York: P. Kotz, 1998. OCLC 978701286. 
• Magocsi, Paul Robert. A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples, 2nd, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4426-1021-7. 
• Potemkin, E.L.. Биографический Словарь Высшие Чины Российской Империи (22.10.1721–2.03.1917) (ru), Moscow, 2017. 
• Ritzarev, Marina. Eighteenth-century Russian Music. Abingdon, UK; New York: Routledge, 2016. ISBN 978-0-7546-3466-9. 
• Sonevytsky, Ihor. Artem Vedelʹ i ĭoho muzychna spadshchyna (uk). New York: Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the United States, 1966. OCLC 12901903. 
• Tylyk, Igor (2016). "Хронотопічно-стильові параметри творчості Артемія Веделя [Chronotopic and Stylistic Parameters of Artemy Vedel's Work]" (uk). Scientific Herald of Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine (117): 181–194. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Nvnmau_2016_117_13. 
• Tylyk, Igor; Dondyk, Oksana (2018). "Формування науково-аналітичних параметрів вивчення творчості Артема Веделя крізь призму музикознавчо-текстологічних досліджень другої половини ХІХ – середини ХХ століття [Formation of Scientific and Analytical Parameters of Studying the Work of Artem Wedel through the Prism of Musicological and Textological Research of the second half of the XIX – middle of the XX century]" (uk, en). Scientific Notes (Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University) 2 (39): 57–66. ISSN 2411-3271. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220320084840/http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12571. 

Qoʻshimcha oʻqish uchun

• Kostyuk, Nataliya (2016). "The Kiev Theological Academy Choir: Organization, Tradition and Experimentation". Journal of the International Society for Orthodox Church Music 2: 44–50. ISSN 2342-1258. https://journal.fi/jisocm/article/view/87786/47023. 
• Kovalchuk, Natalia; Zosim, Olga; Ovsiankina, Liudmyla; Lomachinska, Irina; Rykhlitska, Oksana (2022). "Features of Sacred Music in the Context of the Ukrainian Baroque". Religions (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute) 13 (88): 88. doi:10.3390/rel13020088. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/13/2/88/pdf. 
• Tylyk, Ihor (2019). "Specificity of the Figurative-dramaturgic Interaction of the Musical and Verbal-text Concepts in the Works of Artemy Vedel". Bulletin of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts. Series in Musical Art 2 (2): 140–150. doi:10.31866/2616-7581.2.2.2019.187439. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338135148. 

• Askochensky, Victor Ipatievich. Протоиерей Петр Иванович Турчанинов [Protoiyerey Petr Ivanovich Turchaninov] (ru). Saint Petersburg: Edward Weimar, 1863. 
• Husarčuk, Tetjana Volodymyrivna. Артемій Ведель: постать митця у контексті епох (uk). Kyïv: Muzyčna Ukraïna, 2019. ISBN 978-966-8259-87-6. 
• Karas, Ganna (2018). "Постать Артемія Веделя в культурно-мистецьких рефлексіях української діаспори [Artemy Vedel in the Culture and Art Introspection of the Ukrainian Diaspora]" (uk). Scientific Herald of the Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine (121). doi:10.31318/2522-4190.2018.121.133109. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220512100915/http://lib.pnu.edu.ua:8080/handle/123456789/1557?locale=uk. 
• Semion, Viktoriia.V. (2019). "Народнопісенні витоки хорової поліфонії Артемія Веделя [The Folk Song Roots of Artemy Vedel’s Choir Polyphony]" (uk). Young Scientist (Kharkiv National Kotlyarevsky University of Arts) 69 (5): 101–105. doi:10.32839/2304-5809/2019-5-69-21. http://molodyvcheny.in.ua/files/journal/2019/5/21.pdf.