Artemiy Vedel

Artemiy Lukyanovich Vedel (13-aprel [E.U. 1-aprel] 1767  – 26-iyul [E.U. 14-iyul] 1808), Artemiy Lukyanovich Vedelskiy tugʻilgan, asli ukrainalik rus harbiy va liturgik musiqa janrida ijod qilgan bastakor. Ukraina xalq kuylari asosida asarlar yaratgan va Ukraina musiqa tarixiga muhim hissa qoʻshgan. Maksim Berezovskiy va Dmitriy Bortnyanskiy bilan birgalikda Vedel musiqashunoslar tomonidan XVIII asr Ukraina klassik musiqasining „Oltin uchlik“ kompozitorlaridan va Rossiyaning eng yirik xor bastakorlaridan biri sifatida tan olingan.

Artemiy Vedel
Ukraina esdalik markasida tasvirlangan Vedel
Tavalludi	13-aprel [E.U. 1-aprel] 1767
Vafoti	26-iyul [E.U. 14-iyul] 1808 (41 yoshda) Kiyev, Kichik Rossiya gubernatorligi, Rossiya imperiyasi
Fuqaroligi	Rossiya Imperiyasi
Taʼlimi	Kiyev-Mogila akademiyasi

Hayoti va ijodiy faoliyati

Vedel Kiyevda boy yogʻoch oʻymakori oilasida tugʻilgan. 1787-yilgacha Kiyev-Mogila akademiyasida oʻqigan, shundan soʻng akademiyaning xor va orkestriga dirijyorlik qilishga tayinlangan. 1788-yilda Moskvaga viloyat gubernatorligiga ishga yuborilgan, lekin 1791-yilda uyiga qaytib, Kiyev-Mogila akademiyasida oʻz faoliyatini davom ettirgtgan. General Andrey Levanidov uni Kiyevning polk cherkovi va xoriga rahbarlik qilish uchun yollagan – Levanidov homiyligida Vedel bastakor sifatida oʻz ijodining choʻqqisiga chiqqan. Levanidov bilan Xarkov gubernatorligiga koʻchib oʻtgan, shu yerda yangi xor va orkestr tashkil qilgan hamda Xarkov kollegiyasida dars bergan.

Rossiya podshosi Pavel I tomonidan chiqarilgan farmon Xarkovning madaniy hayotiga taʼsir qilib, boyligi kamayib ketgan. Homiysi yoʻqligi va musiqa ijro eta olmaganligi sababli, 1798-yilda Kiyevga uyiga qaytib kelgan va Kiyev Pechersk lavrasining yangi rohibiga aylangan. Monastir maʼmurlari rus qirollik oilasiga qoʻlda yozilgan tahdidlarni aniqlab, ularni yozishda Vedelni ayblaganlar. Keyinchalik ruhiy kasal sifatida qamoqqa olingan va yozish taqiqlab qoʻyilgan. Deyarli oʻn yil oʻtgach, rasmiylar unga oʻlimidan oldin otasining uyiga borib kelishi uchun ruxsat berishgan.

Vedel musiqasi Ukraina Sovet Ittifoqining bir qismi boʻlgan davrda taqiqlangan. 80 dan ortiq asarlari maʼlum, shu jumladan 31 xor kontserti, lekin koʻplab kompozitsiyalari yoʻqolgan. Xor musiqasining aksariyati Zaburdan olingan matnlardan foydalanilgan. Vedel kompozitsiyalarining uslubi uning hayoti davomida klassik musiqada sodir boʻlgan oʻzgarishlarni aks ettirgan; unga Ukrainaning barokko anʼanalari, balki Gʻarbiy Yevropaning yangi opera va cholgʻu uslublari ham taʼsir koʻrsatgan.

Adabiyotlar

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