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Foydalanuvchi:Xatchiman/Poliomiyelitga qarshi vaksina

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Polioga qarshi vaksina — poliomiyelit (polio) ning oldini olish uchun qo'llaniladigan vaksinadir[1][2]. Uning ikki xili: inyeksiya orqali beriladigan faolsizlashtirilgan poliovirus (IPV) va og‘iz orqali beriluvchi zaiflashtirilgan poliovirus (OPV) dan foydalaniladi[3]. Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkiloti barcha bolalarga poliomiyelitga qarshi to‘liq emlanishni tavsiya qiladi[4]. Ushbu ikki turdagi vaksina dunyoning aksariyat qismidan poliomiyelitni yo‘q qildi[5][6] va har yili qayd etilgan holatlar sonini 1988-yil holatidagi 350 000 dan 2018-yilda 33 taga kamaytirdi[7][8].

Faolsizlashtirilgan poliomiyelitga qarshi vaksinalar mutlaqo xavfsizdir[9]. Ukol qilingan joyda yengil qizarish yoki og‘riq paydo bo‘lishi mumkin[10]. Vaksina og‘iz orqali yuborilganda million dozadan taxminan uchta emlash bilan bog‘liq paralitik poliomiyelitga olib keluvchi holat kuzatilishi mumkin[11]. Bu esa poliomiyelit infeksiyasidan falaj bo‘lgan har million kishidan 5000 holat bilan taqqoslanadi[12]. Ikkala turdagi vaksinani ham homiladorlik paytida va OIV/OITS bilan kasallanganlarda qo'llash xavfsiz[13].

Poliomiyelitga qarshi vaksinaning birinchi muvaffaqiyatli namoyishi 1950-yilda Hilary Koprowski tomonidan odamlarga ichirilgan tirik, ammo zaiflashtirilgan virus bo‘lgan[14]. Vaksinadan Qo‘shma Shtatlarda foydalanishga ruxsat berilmagan, ammo boshqa joylarda undan muvaffaqiyatli foydalanilgan[15]. Jonas Salk tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan faolsizlantirilgan (o‘ldirilgan) poliomiyelitga qarshi vaksinaning muvaffaqiyatli natijasi1955-yilda e’lon qilingan[16][17]. Boshqa zaiflashtirilgan tirik og‘iz orqali yuboriladigan poliomiyelitga qarshi vaksina Albert Sabin tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va 1961-yilda tijorat maqsadida foydalanishga kiritilgan[18][19].

Polioga qarshi vaksina Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkilotining asosiy dori vositalari ro‘yxatiga kiritilgan[20].

Tibbiy maqsadlarda qo'llash

tahrir
 
1963-yilda CDCning "Wellbee" nomli davlat sog'liqni saqlash belgisini ko'rsatgan ushbu plakatda odamlarni polioga qarshi oral vaksina olishga rag'batlantirgan.

Emlash orqali virusning odamdan odamga yuqishini to‘xtatish poliomiyelitni global yo‘q qilishda muhim ahamiyatga ega[21], chunki normal immunitet funksiyasiga ega bo‘lgan odamlarda poliovirus uchun uzoq muddatli tashuvchi holat mavjud emas. Poliomiyelit viruslari tabiatda primat bo‘lmagan rezervuarga ega emas va virusning uzoq vaqt davomida atrof-muhitda omon qolishi uzoq muddat davom etadi. [[Turkum:Vaksinalar]]

  1. ↑ "Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016". Weekly Epidemiological Record 91 (12): 145–68. 2016. PMID 27039410. 
  2. ↑ "Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – June 2022". Weekly Epidemiological Record 97 (25): 277–300. 2022. 
  3. ↑ "Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016". Weekly Epidemiological Record 91 (12): 145–68. 2016. PMID 27039410. 
  4. ↑ "Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016". Weekly Epidemiological Record 91 (12): 145–68. 2016. PMID 27039410. 
  5. ↑ "Eradicating polio: today's challenges and tomorrow's legacy". Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 100 (5–6): 401–413. 2006. doi:10.1179/136485906X97354. PMID 16899145. 
  6. ↑ "Control of paralytic poliomyelitis in the United States". Reviews of Infectious Diseases 6 (Suppl 2): S424–S426. 1984. doi:10.1093/clinids/6.Supplement_2.S424. PMID 6740085. 
  7. ↑ „Global Wild Poliovirus 2014–2019“. 2019-yil 3-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 3-fevral.
  8. ↑ „Does polio still exist? Is it curable?“. World Health Organization (WHO). 2018-yil 29-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 21-may.
  9. ↑ "Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016". Weekly Epidemiological Record 91 (12): 145–68. 2016. PMID 27039410. 
  10. ↑ "Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016". Weekly Epidemiological Record 91 (12): 145–68. 2016. PMID 27039410. 
  11. ↑ "Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016". Weekly Epidemiological Record 91 (12): 145–68. 2016. PMID 27039410. 
  12. ↑ „Poliomyelitis“. World Health Organization (WHO). 2017-yil 18-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 25-aprel.
  13. ↑ "Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016". Weekly Epidemiological Record 91 (12): 145–68. 2016. PMID 27039410. 
  14. ↑ „Hilary Koprowski, Who Developed First Live-Virus Polio Vaccine, Dies at 96“. The New York Times (2013-yil 20-aprel). 2017-yil 25-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 8-sentyabr.
  15. ↑ „Hilary Koprowski, Who Developed First Live-Virus Polio Vaccine, Dies at 96“. The New York Times (2013-yil 20-aprel). 2017-yil 25-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 8-sentyabr.
  16. ↑ "Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016". Weekly Epidemiological Record 91 (12): 145–68. 2016. PMID 27039410. 
  17. ↑ Vaccination: A History. John Libbey Eurotext, 2011 — 395-bet. ISBN 978-2742007752. 
  18. ↑ "Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016". Weekly Epidemiological Record 91 (12): 145–68. 2016. PMID 27039410. 
  19. ↑ "Pioneering figures in medicine: Albert Bruce Sabin – inventor of the oral polio vaccine". The Kurume Medical Journal 52 (3): 111–116. 2005. doi:10.2739/kurumemedj.52.111. PMID 16422178. 
  20. ↑ The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization, 2023. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02. 
  21. ↑ "Transmissibility and persistence of oral polio vaccine viruses: implications for the global poliomyelitis eradication initiative". American Journal of Epidemiology 150 (10): 1001–1021. November 1999. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009924. PMID 10568615.  
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