Gipotalamusning zararlanishi

Gipotalamusning zararlanishi
Mutaxassislik	Nevrologiya, Endokrinologiya

Gipotalamusning zararlanishi asosan gipotalamusda uchraydigan kasallik boʻlib, och qolish, shu bilan birgalikda anoreksiya va bulimiya nevrozi ^[1], genetik zararlanish, radiatsiya, jarrohlik amaliyoti, bosh jarohatlari^[2] lat yeyish^[1], oʻsma yoki boshqa jismoniy jarohatlar tufayli kelib chiqadi. Gipotalamus bir nechta endokrin funksiyalarni boshqarish markazi hisoblanadi. Endokrin tizim antidiuretik gormon (ADG), kortikoliberin, gonadoliberin, somatotrop, oksitotsin kabilarni ishlab chiqaradigan gipotalamus tomonidan boshqariladi. Gipotalamusning shikastlanishi ushbu gormonlarning har biriga va tegishli endokrin tizimlarga taʼsir qiladi. Gipotalamus gormonlarining koʻpchiligi gipofizga taʼsir qiladi. Shuning uchun gipotalamusning zararlanishi gipofiz tomonidan boshqariladigan nishon aʼzolar, jumladan, buyrak usti bezlari, tuxumdonlar va qalqonsimon bez faoliyatiga taʼsir qiladi^[2].

Organizmdagi koʻpgina disfunksiyalar gipotalamus kasalligi natijasida kelib chiqadi. Gipotalamusning zararlanishi tana harorati, oʻsish, vazn, natriy va suv muvozanati, sut ishlab chiqarish, his-tuygʻular va uyqu sikllarining buzilishiga olib keladi^[1]^[2]^[3]. Pangipopituitarizm, qandsiz diabet, uchlamchi gipotireoz va normal rivojlanishning buzilishi gipotalamus kasalligini keltirib chiqaradigan holatlarga misol boʻla oladi.

Gipopituitarizm

Gipotalamus va gipofiz bezlari bir-biri bilan oʻzaro bogʻlangan. Gipotalamusning shikastlanishi gipofizning sezuvchanligi va normal faoliyatiga taʼsir qiladi. Gipotalamik kasallik gipofizga yetarli boʻlmagan yoki ingibirlangan signallarnini keltirib chiqarishi mumkin, bu esa quyidagi gormonlardan bir yoki bir nechtasining yetishmovchiligiga olib keladi: Tireotrop gormon, adrenokortikotrop gormon, β-endorfin, lyutinostimullovchi gormon, follikullastimullovchi gormon va melanostimullovchi gormon. Gipopituitarizmni davolash gormonlarni oʻrnini bosuvchi terapiyani oʻz ichiga oladi^[1].

Qandsiz diabet

Qandsiz diabet gipotalamusdan ADG ishlab chiqarishning past darajasi tufayli yuzaga keladi^[1]^[4]^[5]. ADG miqdorining yetarli emasligi tashnalik va siydik ajralishining oshishiga olib keladi, uzoq vaqt ortiqcha siydik ajralishi esa suvsizlanish xavfini oshiradi^[5].

Uchlamchi gipotireoz

Qalqonsimon bez gipotalamus-gipofizar tizimning yordamchi aʼzosidir. Tiroliberin gormoni gipotalamusning tireoid gormonlari (T₄ va T₃)ni ishlab chiqarilishini tezlashtiradigan tireotrop gormonini ishlab chiqarish uchun gipofizga uning buyrugʻi natijasida ishlab chiqariladi^[6]^[7]. Ikkilamchi gipotireoz gipofizdan tireotrop sekretsiyasi buzilganda yuzaga keladi, uchlamchi gipotireoz esa tiroliberin yetishmovchiligi yoki ingibirlanishi tufayli paydo boʻladi^[6]. Qalqonsimon bez gormonlari metabolik faollik uchun javobgardir. Qalqonsimon bez gormonlarining yetarli darajada ishlab chiqarilmasligi metabolik faollikning pasayishiga va vazn ortishiga olib keladi. Shuning uchun gipotalamik kasallik semirishga taʼsir qiladi^[8].

Rivojlanish buzilishlari

Gipotalamus tomonidan ishlabb chiqariladigan yana bir stimullovchi omil somatotrop hisoblanadi. Somatotrop tananing oʻsishi va jinsiy rivojlanishiga taʼsir koʻrsatadi^[1]^[4]. Gipofiz bezi faoliyatining yaxshi emasligi somatik oʻsishning yomonlashuviga, erta balogʻatga yetishga yoki gonadotrop gormonlar tanqisligiga, kech balogʻatga yetish yoki toʻliq balogʻatga yetmaslikka olib kelishi mumkin va koʻpincha tez vazn ortishi, T₄ ning va jinsiy gormonlar darajasining pastligi bilan bogʻliq^[4].

Manbalar

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 ^1,5 Sylvia L., A. (2004). Hypothalamic disease. In Editor-in-Chief: Luciano Martini (Ed.), Encyclopedia of endocrine diseases (pp. 678-687). New York: Elsevier.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 Rehan, K. (2011). An Overview of the Hypothalamus The Endocrine System’s Link to the Nervous System. Retrieved from http://www.endocrineweb.com/endocrinology/overview-hypothalamus
↑ Carmichael, J. D., & Braunstein, G. D. (2009). Diseases of Hypothalamic Origin. In D. W. Pfaff, A. P. Arnold, S. E. Fahrbach, A. M. Etgen & R. T. Rubin (Eds.), Hormones, Brain and Behavior (3005-3048). Los Angeles, CA: Academic Press
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 ^4,2 Rose, S. R., & Auble, B. A. (2011). Endocrine changes after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Pituitary,
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 Maghnie, M., Altobelli, M., Di Iorgi, N., Genovese, E., Meloni, G., Manca-Bitti, M. L., . . . Bernasconi, S. (2004). Idiopathic central diabetes insipidus is associated with abnormal blood supply to the posterior pituitary gland caused by vascular impairment of the inferior hypophyseal artery system. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 89(4), 1891-1896.
↑ ^6,0 ^6,1 Martin, J. B., & Riskind, P. N. (1992). Neurologic manifestations of hypothalamic disease. Progress in Brain Research, 93, 31-40; discussion 40-2.
↑ Chiamolera, M. I., & Wondisford, F. E. (2009). Minireview: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and the thyroid hormone feedback mechanism. Endocrinology, 150(3), 1091-1096.
↑ Pinkney, J. (2000). Obesity and pituitary disease. Pituitary News, 17. Retrieved from http://www.pituitary.org.uk/content/view/166/122/ (Wayback Machine saytida 2012-01-20 sanasida arxivlangan)

[Asa-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 ^1,5 Sylvia L., A. (2004). Hypothalamic disease. In Editor-in-Chief: Luciano Martini (Ed.), Encyclopedia of endocrine diseases (pp. 678-687). New York: Elsevier.

[NIH-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 Rehan, K. (2011). An Overview of the Hypothalamus The Endocrine System’s Link to the Nervous System. Retrieved from http://www.endocrineweb.com/endocrinology/overview-hypothalamus

[Carmichael-3] Carmichael, J. D., & Braunstein, G. D. (2009). Diseases of Hypothalamic Origin. In D. W. Pfaff, A. P. Arnold, S. E. Fahrbach, A. M. Etgen & R. T. Rubin (Eds.), Hormones, Brain and Behavior (3005-3048). Los Angeles, CA: Academic Press

[Rose-4] 4,0 ^4,1 ^4,2 Rose, S. R., & Auble, B. A. (2011). Endocrine changes after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Pituitary,

[Maghnie-5] 5,0 ^5,1 Maghnie, M., Altobelli, M., Di Iorgi, N., Genovese, E., Meloni, G., Manca-Bitti, M. L., . . . Bernasconi, S. (2004). Idiopathic central diabetes insipidus is associated with abnormal blood supply to the posterior pituitary gland caused by vascular impairment of the inferior hypophyseal artery system. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 89(4), 1891-1896.

[Martin-6] 6,0 ^6,1 Martin, J. B., & Riskind, P. N. (1992). Neurologic manifestations of hypothalamic disease. Progress in Brain Research, 93, 31-40; discussion 40-2.

[Chiamolera-7] Chiamolera, M. I., & Wondisford, F. E. (2009). Minireview: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and the thyroid hormone feedback mechanism. Endocrinology, 150(3), 1091-1096.

[8] Pinkney, J. (2000). Obesity and pituitary disease. Pituitary News, 17. Retrieved from http://www.pituitary.org.uk/content/view/166/122/ (Wayback Machine saytida 2012-01-20 sanasida arxivlangan)

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