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Haumea

136108 Xaumea — Neptun orbitasidan tashqarida joylashgan kichik sayyora. 2004-yilda Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlaridagi Palomar observatoriyasida Kaltekdan Maykl E. Braun boshchiligidagi jamoa tomonidan va shubhali tarzda 2005-yilda Ispaniyadagi Syerra-Nevada observatoriyasida Xose Luis Ortis Moreno boshchiligidagi jamoa tomonidan topilgan, ammo oxirgi da'voga qarshi chiqilgan. 2008-yil 17-sentabrda unga Gavayi koʻpayidhlik ma’budasi boʻlgan Xaumea nomi berildi, Xalqaro Astronomiya Ittifoqi (XAI) tomonidan mitti sayyora boʻlishini kutilgan edi. Nominal hisob-kitoblarga ko'ra, u Erida va Plutondan keyin uchinchi eng katta maʼlum bo'lgan trans-Neptun obyekti boʻldi, ammo eng mos modellashtirishdagi noaniqlik Makemake uchun kattaroq o'lchamlar bilan bir oz mos keladi[20].

136108 Xaumea 🝻
Kashf etilishi
Kashf etilgan
Kashf etilgan sanasi
  • 28-dekabr 2004 (Braun)
  • 27-iyul, 2005 (Ortis)
Kichik sayyora tasnifi
 (136108) Xaumea
Kimning sharafiga nomlangan Xaumea
Muqobil nomlari
 Andoza:Mp
Kichik sayyora turkumi
Mehvar tasnifi[6]
Davr 17 December 2020 (JD 2459200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 2
Kuzatish yoyi 65 yil va 291 kun (24033 kun)
Earliest precovery date 22-mart 1955
Afeliy 51.585 AU (7.7170 Tm)
Perigeliy 34.647 AU (5.1831 Tm)
Katta yarim oʻqi 43.116 AU (6.4501 Tm)
Ekssentrisiteti 0.19642
Orbital davri 283.12 yr (103,410 days)[4]
Oʻrtacha orbital tezligi 4.531 km/s[manba kerak]
Oʻrtacha anomaliya 218.205°
Oʻrtacha harakat Andoza:Deg2DMS / day
Chekinish 28.2137°
Orbital tugun uzunligi 122.167°
Perigeliy vaqti ≈ 1 June 2133[5]
±2 days
Perigeliy argumenti 239.041°
Tabiiy yoʻldoshlari soni 2 (Hiʻiaka and Namaka) and ring
Fizik tasnifi
Oʻlchamlari
  • ≈ 2,100 × 1,680 × 1,074 km[nb 1][7]
  • 2,322±60 × 1,704±8 × 1,026±32 km[nb 2][8]
Oʻrtacha radiusi
  • ≈ 780 km[nb 1]
  • 798±6 km to 816 km[nb 3]
Yuzasi ≈ 8.14×106 km2[nb 1][9]
Hajmi ≈ 1.98×109 km3[nb 1][10]
0.0018 Earths
Massasi (4.006±0.040)×1021 kg[11]
0.00066 Earths
Zichlik
  • ≈ 2.018 g/cm3[nb 1]
  • 1.885±0.080 g/cm3 to 1.757 g/cm3[nb 3]
Erkin tushish tezlanishi (ekvatorda) ≈ Andoza:Gr m/s2
Ikkinchi kosmik tezlik ≈ Andoza:V2 km/s
Siderik sutka 3.915341±0.000005 h[12]
(0.163139208 d)
Rektassenziya (Shimoliy qutb uchun) 282.6°±1.1°[13]
Deklinatsiya (Shimoliy qutb uchun) −13.0°±1.3° or −11.8°±1.2°[13]
Albedo
Harorat < 50 K[15]
Spektral turi
Koʻrinma yulduz kattaligi 17.3 (opposition)[18][19]
Mutlaq yulduz kattaligi (H) 0.428±0.011 (V-band) [12] · 0.2 [4]

Xaumea massasi Plutonnikidan uch karra, Yernikidan esa massasining 1400 marta kichik. Uning shakli to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kuzatilmagan bo'lsa-da, yorug'lik egri chizig'i bo'yicha hisob-kitoblar uning Yakobi ellipsoidi (agar u mitti sayyora bo'lganida qanday bo'lar edi), katta o'qi kichik o'qidan ikki baravar uzun ekanligiga mos keladi. 2017-yil oktabr oyida astronomlar Xaumea atrofida halqa tizimi topilganligini e'lon qilishdi, bu trans-Neptun obyekti uchun kashf etilgan birinchi halqa tizimini ifodalaydi. Xaumea tortishish kuchi yaqin vaqtgacha uning gidrostatik muvozanatga kelishi uchun yetarli deb hisoblangan, ammo hozir bu aniq emas. Xaumeaning cho'ziq shakli va tez aylanishi, halqalari va baland albedosi ulkan to'qnashuvning oqibati boʻlib, bu Xaumea bir nechta yirik trans-Neptun obyektlarini va Xaumeaning ikki yo'ldoshi Xiiaka va Namakani o'z ichiga olgan to'qnashuv oilasining eng katta a'zosi bo'ldi.

Manbalar

tahrir
  1. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named K10H75
  2. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Buie
  3. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named candidate
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named jpldata
  5. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named perihelion
  6. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MPC-object
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dunham2019
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Ortiz2017
  9. ↑ „Ellipsoid surface area: 8.13712×10^6 km2“. wolframalpha.com (2019-yil 20-dekabr). 2020-yil 25-iyulda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 20-dekabr.
  10. ↑ „Ellipsoid volume: 1.98395×10^9 km3“. wolframalpha.com (2019-yil 20-dekabr). 2020-yil 25-iyulda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 20-dekabr.
  11. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named RagozzineBrown2009
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named TNOsCool12
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Kondratyev2018
  14. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Verbiscer2022
  15. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Trujillo 2006
  16. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Snodgrass2009
  17. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Rabinowitz2008
  18. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AstDys
  19. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Horizons
  20. ↑ Ortiz, J. L.; Sicardy, B.; Braga-Ribas, F.; Alvarez-Candal, A.; Lellouch, E.; Duffard, R.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Ivanov, V. D. et al. (2012). "Albedo and atmospheric constraints of dwarf planet Makemake from a stellar occultation". Nature 491 (7425): 566–569. doi:10.1038/nature11597. PMID 23172214. Archived from the original on 2023-02-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208231950/https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/142198. Qaraldi: 2021-05-25. Haumea]]


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