Kobra

Kobra
Ilmiy tasniflash
Olam:	Eukariotlar
Tip:	Xordalilar
Sinf:	Reptiliyalar
Oila:	Reptiliyalar
Urugʻ:	Elapidae (ba'zi istisnolardan tashqari) Laurenti, 1768

Kobra — turli har xil ilonlarning umumiy nomi, ularning aksariyati Naja naslga tegishli.^[1]

Biologiyasi tahrir

Maʼlum boʻlgan kobralarning barchasi zaharli va koʻplari yuqoriga koʻtarilishga va tahdid qilinganda zahar ishlab chiqarishga qodir.^[2]

„Kobralar“ deb nomlanuvchi boshqa ilonlar tahrir

Naja jinsi vakillari haqiqiy kobralarni tashkil qilsa-da, „kobra“ nomi ushbu boshqa nasl va turlarga ham qoʻllaniladi:

Rinkhallar, ringhallar yoki halqa boʻyinli tupuruvchi kobra (Hemachatus haemachatus) boʻyin bogʻi, shuningdek, xavf tugʻilganda yuqoriga koʻtarilish va qalpoq ishlab chiqarish odati bilan ataladi^[3]
Qirol kobra yoki hamadryad (Ophiophagus hannah)^[4]
Daraxt kobralarining ikki turi, Goldi daraxt kobrasi (Pseudohaje goldii) va qora daraxt kobrasi (Pseudohaje nigra)^[5]
Qalqonburunli kobralarning ikki turi, Cape marjon iloni (Aspidelaps lubricus) va qalqon burunli kobra (Aspidelaps scut)^[5]^:p.76
Qora choʻl kobralari yoki choʻl qora ilonlarining ikki turi, Walterinnesia aegyptia va Walterinnesia morgani, ularning hech biri yuqoriga qarab turmaydi va xavf tugʻilganda qalpoq hosil qilmaydi^[5]^:p.65
Sharqiy marjon ilon yoki Amerika kobrasi (Micrurus fulvius), u ham yuqoriga qarab chiqmaydi va xavf tugʻilganda qalpoq hosil qiladi^[5]^:p.30

Soxta suv kobrasi (Hydrodynastes gigas) Elapidae turkumiga kirmaydigan yagona „kobra“ turidir. U yuqoriga qarab chiqmaydi, tahdid qilinganda boʻyinning ozgina tekislanishini keltirib chiqaradi va faqat engil zaharli hisoblanadi.^[5]^:p.53

Manbalar tahrir

↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911) "Cobra" Encyclopædia Britannica 6 (11chi nashri) Cambridge University Press p. 613
↑ Two kinds of non-venomous snake, the hognose snakes and the striped keelback, also rear upwards and produce hoods but are not considered „cobras“; likewise, some venomous elapid snakes, such as the black mamba, are also capable of producing hoods but are not called „cobras“.
↑ Wolfgang Bücherl. Venomous Animals and Their Venoms: Venomous Vertebrates. Elsevier, 17 September 2013 — 492 bet. ISBN 978-1-4832-6363-2.
↑ United States. Department of the Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. Venomous Snakes of the World: A Manual for Use by U. S. Amphibious Forces. Skyhorse, 2013 — 217 bet. ISBN 978-1-62087-623-7.
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 ^5,2 ^5,3 ^5,4 Mark O'Shea. Venomous Snakes of the World. New Holland, 20 February 2008 — 74 bet. ISBN 978-1-84773-086-2. ^{[sayt ishlamaydi]}

[1] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911) "Cobra" Encyclopædia Britannica 6 (11chi nashri) Cambridge University Press p. 613

[2] Two kinds of non-venomous snake, the hognose snakes and the striped keelback, also rear upwards and produce hoods but are not considered „cobras“; likewise, some venomous elapid snakes, such as the black mamba, are also capable of producing hoods but are not called „cobras“.

[BücherlBuckley2013-3] Wolfgang Bücherl. Venomous Animals and Their Venoms: Venomous Vertebrates. Elsevier, 17 September 2013 — 492 bet. ISBN 978-1-4832-6363-2.

[Surgery2013-4] United States. Department of the Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. Venomous Snakes of the World: A Manual for Use by U. S. Amphibious Forces. Skyhorse, 2013 — 217 bet. ISBN 978-1-62087-623-7.

[OʻShea2008-5] 5,0 ^5,1 ^5,2 ^5,3 ^5,4 Mark O'Shea. Venomous Snakes of the World. New Holland, 20 February 2008 — 74 bet. ISBN 978-1-84773-086-2. ^{[sayt ishlamaydi]}

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