Oʻzgaruvchi: Versiyalar orasidagi farq
Kontent oʻchirildi Kontent qoʻshildi
Nomlash |
|||
Qator 42:
A convention often followed in [[probability]] and [[statistics]] is to use ''X'', ''Y'', ''Z'' for the names of [[random variable]]s, with these being replaced by ''x'', ''y'', ''z'' for observations or sample outcomes of those random variables. These latter (lower case) symbols are ordinary mathematical variables. The former (upper case) symbols actually stand for functions from the sample space (set of atomic outcomes) of the experiment to (typically) the real numbers. Another convention sometimes used in statistics is to denote population values of particular statistics by lower (or upper) case Greek letters, with sample-based estimates of those quantities being denoted by the corresponding lower (or upper) case letters from the ordinary alphabet.
== Nomlash ==
Mathematics has many conventions. Below are some of the more common. Many of the symbols have other conventional uses, but they may actually represent a constant or a specific function rather than a variable.
* ''a'', ''b'', ''c'', and ''d'' (sometimes extended to ''e'' and ''f'') usually play similar roles or are made to represent parallel notions in a mathematical context. They often represent [[constant (mathematics)|constants]] or [[coefficient]]s, for example in a [[polynomial]] or an [[equation]], which are not completely specified.
* ''a''<sub>0</sub>, ''a''<sub>1</sub>, ''a''<sub>2</sub>, ... play a similar role, when otherwise too many different letters would been needed.
* ''f'' and ''g'' (sometimes ''h'') commonly denote [[Function (mathematics)|functions]].
* ''i'', ''j'', and ''k'' (sometimes ''l'' or ''h'') are often used to denote varying [[integer]]s or indices in an [[indexed family]].
* ''a<sub>i</sub>'' is often used to denote ''i''-th term of a [[sequence]].
* ''l'' and ''w'' are often used to represent the length and width of a figure.
* ''m'' and ''n'' usually denote [[integer]]s and usually play similar roles or are made to represent parallel notions in a mathematical context, such a pair of dimensions.
** ''n'' commonly denotes a fixed [[integer]] like a count of objects or the degree of an [[equation]].
* ''p'', ''q'', and ''r'' usually play similar roles or are made to represent parallel notions in a mathematical context.
** ''p'' and ''q'' often denote [[prime number]]s or [[relatively prime]] numbers, or, in statistics, [[probabilities]].
* ''r'' often denotes a remainder or a modulus.
* ''r'', ''s'', and ''t'' usually play similar roles or are made to represent parallel notions in a mathematical context.
* ''u'' and ''v'' usually play similar roles or are made to represent parallel notions in a mathematical context, such as denoting a [[vertex (graph theory)]].
* ''w'', ''x'', ''y'', and ''z'' usually play similar roles or are made to represent parallel notions in a mathematical context, such as representing unknowns in an equation.
* ''x'', ''y'' and ''z'' usually denote the three [[Cartesian coordinates]] of a point in [[Euclidean geometry]]. By extension, they are used to name the corresponding [[axis (mathematics)|axes]].
** ''z'' typically denotes a [[complex number]], or, in statistics, a [[normal distribution|normal random variate]].
* <math>\alpha</math>, <math>\beta</math>, <math>\gamma</math>, <math>\theta</math> and <math>\phi</math> commonly denote [[angle]] measures.
* <math>\epsilon</math> usually represents an arbitrarily small positive number.
** <math>\epsilon</math> and <math>\delta</math> commonly denote two small positives.
* <math>\lambda</math> is used for [[eigenvalues]].
* <math>\sigma</math> often denotes a sum, or, in statistics, the [[standard deviation]].
<!-- mu mean, pi probability, others? -->
== Amaliy statistikada oʻzgaruvchilar ==
| |||