Optik oyna

Optik oyna - bu yer atmosferasi tomonidan bloklanmagan to'lqin uzunliklari diapazoni.Oyna taxminan 300 nanometrdan ( ultrabinafsha-B ) inson ko'zi aniqlay oladigan diapazongacha, taxminan 400–700 nm va taxminan 2 mkm gacha davom etadi. ^[1] ^[2] Quyosh nurlari asosan optik atmosfera oynasi orqali erga etib boradi; ^[3] ^[4] Quyosh bu diapazonning aksariyat qismida juda faoldir (quyosh chiqaradigan radiatsiyaning 44% koʻrinadigan spektrda, 49% infraqizil spektrda toʻgʻri keladi). ^[5]

Ta'rif

Yer atmosferasi butunlay shaffof emas va ko'p to'lqin uzunliklari uchun 100% shaffof emas (Erning shaffofligi syujetiga qarang); shaffof bo'lgan to'lqin uzunligi diapazonlari atmosfera oynalari deb ataladi. ^[6]

"Optik spektr" atamasining ma'nosi

Optik so'zi qadimgi yunoncha ὀπtῐkos (optikós, "ko'rish uchun yoki ko'rish uchun") dan kelib chiqqan bo'lsa-da, odatda ko'rinadigan yoki vizual narsani anglatadi, ^[7] optik spektr atamasi ko'rinadigan, ultrabinafsha va nurlarning yig'indisini tasvirlash uchun ishlatiladi. ^[8] ^[9]

Optik atmosfera oynasi

Atmosfera ustidagi va sirtdagi quyosh nurlanish spektri. Ekstremal UV va rentgen nurlari (ko'rsatilgan to'lqin uzunligi diapazonining chap tomonida) hosil bo'ladi, lekin ular Quyoshning umumiy chiqish quvvatining juda kichik miqdorini tashkil qiladi.

Optik atmosfera oynasi - yer atmosferasidan o'tadigan elektromagnit spektrning optik qismi, uning infraqizil qismi bundan mustasnodir; ^[10], ilgari aytib o'tilganidek, optik spektr IR spektrini ham o'z ichiga oladi va shuning uchun optik oyna infraqizil oynani (8 - 14 mkm) o'z ichiga olishi mumkin bo'lsa-da, ikkinchisi konventsiya bo'yicha alohida hisoblanadi, chunki bu ko'rinadigan spektrda mavjud emas. ^[11]

Kuzatuv astronomiyasi uchun tarixiy ahamiyati

1940-yillargacha astronomlar kuzatishlari uchun optik spektrning faqat koʻrinadigan qismi va yaqin infraqizil qismlaridan foydalanishlari mumkin edi. Mashhur italyan polimati Galileo Galiley tomonidan qilingan birinchi buyuk astronomik kashfiyotlar optik oyna orqali erga etib kelgan yorug'likni qabul qiluvchi optik teleskoplar yordamida qilingan. ^[12] 1940-yillardan keyin radioteleskoplarning rivojlanishi radio oynasidan foydalangan holda radio astronomiyaning yanada muvaffaqiyatli sohasini o'z ichidan ajralib chiqardi. ^[13]

Shuningdek qarang

Ushbu maqola Mirzo Ulug'bek nomidagi O'zbekiston Milliy universiteti Fizika fakulteti talabasi Ergasheva Mokhinur tomonidan Wikita'lim loyihasi doirasida ingliz tilidan tarjima qilindi.

Infraqizil (atmosfera) oynasi
Biologik to'qimalarda optik oyna
Radio oynasi

Adabiyotlar

↑ Dwivedi, Ravi Shankar. Remote Sensing of Soils (en). Springer, 2017 — 13-bet. ISBN 978-3-662-53740-4. OCLC 959595730.
↑ Thorne, Anne P.. Spectrophysics (en). Springer Science & Business Media, 2012 — 3-bet. ISBN 978-94-009-1193-2. OCLC 906664124.
↑ Fluorocarbons, Environmental and Health Implications: Environmental Impact Statement (en). Food and Drug Administration, 1978 — 79-bet. OCLC 4611045.
↑ Stergis, Christos G.. Rayleigh Scattering in the Upper Atmosphere (en). Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Office of Aerospace Research, United States Air Force, 1966 — 273-bet. OCLC 1037802615.
↑ „Climate Science Investigations South Florida - Energy: The Driver of Climate“. www.ces.fau.edu. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 26-dekabr.
↑ „The Atmospheric Window | US Department of Commerce, NOAA“ (EN-US). www.weather.gov. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 26-dekabr.
↑ „Definition of OPTICAL“ (en). www.merriam-webster.com. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 27-dekabr.
↑ Pedrotti, Frank L.. Introduction to optics (English). Cambridge University Press, 2018 — 7–8-bet. ISBN 978-1-108-42826-2. OCLC 1029320342.
↑ Mazda, F. F.. Electronics Engineer's Reference Book (en). Butterworth-Heinemann, 2013 — 9/3-bet. ISBN 978-1-4831-6106-8. OCLC 1100870227.
↑ Kartalopoulos, Stamatios V.. Free space optical networks for ultra-broad band services (English). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell/IEEE, 2011 — 33-bet. ISBN 978-0-470-64775-2. OCLC 773844977.
↑ United States Congress | Committee on Science and Astronautics. 1970 NASA Authorization. hearings before the United States House Committee on Science and Astronautics, Ninety-First Congress, first session, on Mar. 4, 5, 1969. Part 1 (English). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1973 — 981-bet. OCLC 968587432.
↑ Drake, Stillman. Galileo at work : his scientific biography, Internet Archive (English), Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1978 — 146-bet. ISBN 978-0-226-16226-3.
↑ Wilson, Thomas. Tools of Radio Astronomy. Springer-Verlag GmbH, 2016 — 1–2-bet. ISBN 978-3-662-51732-1. OCLC 954868912.

[1] Dwivedi, Ravi Shankar. Remote Sensing of Soils (en). Springer, 2017 — 13-bet. ISBN 978-3-662-53740-4. OCLC 959595730.

[2] Thorne, Anne P.. Spectrophysics (en). Springer Science & Business Media, 2012 — 3-bet. ISBN 978-94-009-1193-2. OCLC 906664124.

[:1-3] Fluorocarbons, Environmental and Health Implications: Environmental Impact Statement (en). Food and Drug Administration, 1978 — 79-bet. OCLC 4611045.

[4] Stergis, Christos G.. Rayleigh Scattering in the Upper Atmosphere (en). Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Office of Aerospace Research, United States Air Force, 1966 — 273-bet. OCLC 1037802615.

[5] „Climate Science Investigations South Florida - Energy: The Driver of Climate“. www.ces.fau.edu. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 26-dekabr.

[6] „The Atmospheric Window | US Department of Commerce, NOAA“ (EN-US). www.weather.gov. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 26-dekabr.

[7] „Definition of OPTICAL“ (en). www.merriam-webster.com. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 27-dekabr.

[8] Pedrotti, Frank L.. Introduction to optics (English). Cambridge University Press, 2018 — 7–8-bet. ISBN 978-1-108-42826-2. OCLC 1029320342.

[9] Mazda, F. F.. Electronics Engineer's Reference Book (en). Butterworth-Heinemann, 2013 — 9/3-bet. ISBN 978-1-4831-6106-8. OCLC 1100870227.

[10] Kartalopoulos, Stamatios V.. Free space optical networks for ultra-broad band services (English). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell/IEEE, 2011 — 33-bet. ISBN 978-0-470-64775-2. OCLC 773844977.

[11] United States Congress | Committee on Science and Astronautics. 1970 NASA Authorization. hearings before the United States House Committee on Science and Astronautics, Ninety-First Congress, first session, on Mar. 4, 5, 1969. Part 1 (English). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1973 — 981-bet. OCLC 968587432.

[12] Drake, Stillman. Galileo at work : his scientific biography, Internet Archive (English), Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1978 — 146-bet. ISBN 978-0-226-16226-3.

[13] Wilson, Thomas. Tools of Radio Astronomy. Springer-Verlag GmbH, 2016 — 1–2-bet. ISBN 978-3-662-51732-1. OCLC 954868912.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]