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Slava Ukraini

"Ukrainaga shon-sharaf!" (ukraincha: Слава Україні!, IPA: [ˈsɫaʋɐ ʊkrɐˈjinʲi] ( tinglang)) — Ukraina suvereniteti va xorijiy agressiyaga qarshilik ramzi sifatida tanilgan Ukraina milliy salomidir. Bu Ukraina Qurolli Kuchlarining jangovar hayqiriqidir. Bu ko'pincha "Qahramonlarga shon-sharaf!" degan javob bilan birga keladi. (ukraincha: Героям слава!, IPA: [ɦeˈrɔjɐm ˈsɫaʋɐ]).

2022-yil 27-fevralda Nyu-York shahrida “Ukrainaga shon-sharaflar! Qahramonlarga shon-sharaflar!” Bu ibora Rossiyaning Ukrainaga bostirib kirishi natijasida dunyo miqyosida shuhrat qozondi.
Xarkovdagi Mustaqillik monumenti (1991 yilda ochilgan) iborani o'z ichiga oladi.

Bu ibora birinchi marta 20-asrning boshlarida turli xil variantlarda paydo bo'lgan, u 1917 yildan 1921 yilgacha Ukraina mustaqillik urushi paytida ukrainaliklar orasida mashhur bo'lgan[1]. "Qahramonlarga shon-shuhrat!" birinchi marta Ukraina mustaqillik urushi paytida yoki 1920-yillarda Ukraina millatchilari ligasi a'zolari orasida paydo bo'lgan.

1930-yillarda u oʻta oʻngchi Ukraina millatchilari tashkiloti (OUN) shiori sifatida keng tarqaldi[2], shuningdek, Sovuq urush davrida G'arbdagi ukrain diaspora guruhlari va qochqinlar jamoalari. Sovet Ittifoqida bu ibora Sovet va keyinchalik Rossiya hukumati tomonidan taqiqlangan va obro'sizlangan. Bu ibora oxir-oqibat Ukrainada Sovet Ittifoqining qulashi munosabati bilan mustaqillik uchun kurashayotgan paytda yana paydo bo'ldi. 2014 yilgi Ukraina inqilobi va Rossiya-Ukraina urushi paytida undan foydalanish yana qayta tiklandi, bu davrda u Ukrainada keng tarqalgan ramzga aylandi[3].

Tarix tahrir

 
Ukraina shoiri Taras Shevchenko 1860 yilgi she'rida "Ukraina shon-sharafi" shaklida iborani ishlatgan.

Kelib chiqishi tahrir

Ukraina tarixchilari salomlashish ildizlari Taras Shevchenko asarlarida borligini ta'kidlaydilar[4][5]. Shevchenko Osnovianenkoga 1840 yilgi she'rida "Ukraina shon-sharafi" iborasini ishlatgan:[6][4]

“ Bizning fikrimiz, qo'shig'imiz
O'lmaydi, halok bo'lmaydi…
Oh, odamlar, bizning shon-sharafimiz,
Ukraina shon-sharafi! 		”
 
1917 yil 15 martdagi "Demokratik va mustaqil Ukrainani qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun" Radaning "Nowa Rada" jurnalidan olingan yozuvlari. "Ukrainaga shon-sharaf" iborasi ta'kidlangan.

Birinchi bo'lib "Ukrainaga shon-sharaf!" iborasining ishlatilishi ma'lum. "Dunyo bo'ylab shon-shuhrat!" (ukraincha: По всій землі слава), Xarkovda 19-asr oxiri — 20-asr boshlarida Ukraina talabalar jamoasida sodir bo'lgan[7].

Rossiyaning Ukrainaga bostirib kirishi tahrir

 
Vashingtondagi urushga qarshi namoyishda "Slava Ukraina" belgisi, 27-fevral, 2022-yil

Bu ibora Ukraina askarlari va ularning tarafdorlari orasida Rossiyaning Ukrainaga bostirib kirishidan keyin ruhiy holatni ko'tarish uchun juda mashhur bo'ldi[8][9]. Bu shior butun dunyo bo'ylab namoyishchilar tomonidan Ukraina bilan birdamlik uchun Rossiya elchixonalari va tegishli milliy hukumatlarga Rossiyani SWIFTdan chiqarib tashlash va Ukraina ustidagi havo hududini yopish kabi turli talablarga hamroh bo'lgan[10].

Manbalar tahrir

  1. ↑ „"Glory to Ukraine!": Who and when was the slogan created?“.
  2. ↑ Radeljić, Branislav. The Unwanted Europeanness?: Understanding Division and Inclusion in Contemporary Europe (en). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2021-01-18. ISBN 978-3-11-068425-4. 2023-yil 5-yanvarda qaraldi. „For instance, the chant, "Glory to Ukraine!" (Slava Ukraini!), followed by "Glory to the Heroes!" (Heroiam slava!), had its origins in Ukraine's national revolution of 1917-1920, but it became widespread as a slogan under the wing of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) under the leadership of Stepan Bandera.“ 
  3. ↑ „'Glory to Ukraine': hundreds of thousands march against Russian invasion“. France 24 (2022-yil 27-fevral). 2022-yil 28-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 28-fevral.
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Yermolenko 2019.
  5. ↑ Tsurkan. „The origins of 'Slava Ukraini'“. The Kyiv Independent (2023-yil 31-avgust). Qaraldi: 2023-yil 3-sentyabr.
  6. ↑ „До Основ'яненка. Тарас Шевченко. Повне зібрання творів. Том. 1.“. 2014-yil 7-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 10-mart.
  7. ↑ Yuriy Yuzych. „"Glory to Ukraine!": Who and when was the slogan created?“. Istorychna Pravda. 2022-yil 25-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 21-iyun.
  8. ↑ Schreck. „'Glory To Ukraine!' Is The New National Team's Soccer Slogan A Rallying Cry or a Fascist Call?“. rferl.org (2018-yil 7-sentyabr). 2022-yil 8-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 14-iyun.
  9. ↑ Stevis-Gridneff, Matina. „Europe's Trains Take Fighters to Ukraine, and Bring Back Refugees“. The New York Times (2022-yil 11-mart). 2022-yil 24-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 11-mart. „'Slava Ukraini,' he whispered, repeating the rallying cry 'Glory to Ukraine' that's galvanized the country.“.
  10. ↑ Articles, The Times Leading. „The Times view on Ukraine's courage: Slava Ukraini!“ (en). The Times. 2022-yil 5-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 27-fevral.

Bibliografiya tahrir

  • Lipovetsky, Sviatoslav. Організація українських націоналістів (бандерівці): фрагменти діяльності та боротьби (uk), 2010. 
  • Rossoliński-Liebe, Grzegorz. Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist: Fascism, Genocide, and Cult. Columbia University Press, 2014. ISBN 978-3838266848. 
  • Re-Vision of History. Russian Historical Propaganda and Ukraine Yermolenko: , Kyiv, 2019. ISBN 978-617-684-247-7. 
  • Zajączkowski, Mariusz. Ukraińskie podziemie na Lubelszczyźnie w okresie okupacji niemieckiej 1939–1944 (pl), Lublin-Warsaw, 2015. 
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