Uncle Tom's Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe qalamiga mansub roman (1852)
Uncle Tom’s Cabin, toʻliq nomi Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly — amerikalik yozuvchi Harriet Beecher Stowe qalamiga mansub qulikka qarshi roman. 1852-yilda ikki jildda nashr qilingan roman afroamerikaliklar hamda AQShda qullikka boʻlgan munosabatga yirik taʼsir oʻtkazgan. Roman „AQShda fuqarolar urushiga zamin yaratgani“ aytiladi[1][2][3].
 „Uncle Tom's Cabin“ romanining birinchi jildining ilk nashri muqovasi (1852) | |
| Muallif(lar) | Harriet Beecher Stowe |
|---|---|
| Bezovchi(lar) | Hammatt Billings |
| Mamlakat | AQSh |
| Til | inglizcha |
| Janr(lar)i | roman |
| Nashr etilgan sanasi | 1852 |
| Nashriyot | John P. Jewett and Company |
| OCLC | 1077982310 |
| Keyingisi | „A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin“ |
Kelib chiqishi ingliz boʻlgan Stowe Konnektikut shtatida Beecherlar oilasida tugʻilgan va faol abolitsiyachi boʻlgan. Stowe „Uncle Tom’s Cabin“ sentimental romanini qullar ahvolini tasvirlash hamda nasroniy sevgi qullikni yenga olishini koʻrsatish maqsadida yozgan[4][5][6]. Romanning bosh qahramoni uzoq yil aziyat chekkan Tom togʻa boʻlib, boshqa qahramonlarning hikoyalari uning hayoti bilan uzviy bogʻliqdir.
AQShda „Uncle Tom’s Cabin“ XIX asrda eng bozori chaqqon boʻlgan roman hamda Injildan keyingi ikkinchi eng koʻp sotilgan kitobdir[7][8]. Roman 1850-yillarda abolitsionizm uchun kurashni kuchaytirgani aytiladi. Romanning taʼsiri haqidagi qarashlar shu qadar kuchli boʻlganki, AQShda fuqarolar urushi boshlanishi arafasida Abraham Lincoln Stowe bilan uchrashib, „Ushbu buyuk urushni boshlagan kichik ayol shu ekan-da“, deya taʼkidlagani haqida asossiz mish-mish tarqalgan[9][10].
Roman hamda uning asosida yozilgan dramalar afroamerikaliklar, jumladan, romanning bosh qahramoni Tom togʻa haqida bir necha salbiy stereotiplar ommalashishiga turki boʻlgan[11][12][3]. Ingliz tilida „Tom togʻa“ jumlasi oshiqcha itoatkor odam maʼnosini anglata boshlagan[13]. Roman haqida keyinchalik yuzaga kelgan ushbu qarashlar asar oʻz vaqtida „qullikka qarshi muhim vosita“ boʻlgani qisman eʼtibordan qolishiga sabab boʻlgan[14]. Bunga qaramasdan, roman norozilik ruhida yozilgan asarlar orasida salmoqli oʻrin tutadi[15]. Xususan, „Uncle Tom’s Cabin“ Upton Sinclairning „The Jungle“ romani hamda Rachel Carsonning „Silent Spring“ ilmiy asariga katta taʼsir koʻrsatgan[16].
Manbalar
tahrirSnoskalar
tahrir- ↑ Kaufman 2006, s. 18.
- ↑ Painter 2000, s. 245.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 DeLombard 2012.
- ↑ Kurian 2010, s. 580.
- ↑ de Rosa 2003, On p. 122, de Rosa quotes Tompkins 1985, p. 145 that Stowe's strategy was to destroy slavery through the "saving power of Christian love"..
- ↑ Tompkins 1985, On p. 141, Tompkins writes "Stowe conceived her book as an instrument for bringing about the day when the world would be ruled not by force, but by Christian love.".
- ↑ DiMaggio 2014, s. 15.
- ↑ Smith 2001, s. 221.
- ↑ Stowe 1911, s. 203.
- ↑ Vollaro 2009.
- ↑ Hulser 2003.
- ↑ Jamieson 2018, s. ??.
- ↑ Jones 2019, ss. 1465–1467.
- ↑ Appiah & Gates 2005, s. 544.
- ↑ Smith 2008, s. 161.
- ↑ Weinstein 2004, s. 13.
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