Erondagi xitoyliklar

Erondagi xitoyliklar
Erondagi xitoyliklar
	Jami: 5000-9000;
Til	xitoy
Dini	xristian, buddist,islom, ateist

Erondagi xitoyliklar xorijdagi xitoylarning kichik guruhlaridan birini tashkil qiladi; Eronning umumiy xitoylik aholisi 2000 dan 3000 kishigacha deb baholanadi.^[1]

Tarixi

Safaviylar sulolasi davrida Abbos I – 1587-1629-yillar hukmronligi) mahalliy xitoycha kulolchilik mahsulotlarini ishlab chiqarishni kuchaytirish uchun Eronga 300 ta xitoylik kulollarni olib keldi.^[2] E. Sayksning „Fors va uning xalqi“ asaridan: „XVII asrning boshlarida Shoh Abbos o‘z fuqarolariga chinni buyumlar yasash sanʼatini o‘rgatish uchun o‘z mamlakatiga xitoylik ishchilarni olib kirdi va bu idishdagi naqshlarda Xitoyning taʼsiri juda kuchli. Xitoy belgilari ham koʻchiriladi, shuning uchun buyumni tirnash baʼzan uning fors ishlab chiqarishini isbotlashning yagona vositasidir, chunki temirdek qattiq xitoy sirlari hech qanday iz qoldirmaydi“ ^[3]^[4]

Guanchjou shahridagi xitoylik Li oilasidan Li Luning o‘g‘li Li Nu 1376-yilda Forsga Hormuzga tashrif buyurib, islomni qabul qildi, fors yoki arab ayoliga uylandi va uni Guanchjouga olib keldi. Li Nu Ming sulolasi islohotchisi Li Chixning ajdodi edi.^[5]^[6]

1756-yilda Gollandiyaliklar Xarg orolida 80 xitoylik oila yashab, ular dehqon boʻlib ishlaganliklarini xabar qilishdi.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

Xitoy Xalq Respublikasidan kelgan muhojirlar soni 2002 va 2005-yillar orasida sezilarli darajada osha boshladi ^[11]

Biznes va bandlik

Aksariyat zamonaviy xitoylik muhojirlar qurilish yoki boshqa muhandislik loyihalarida ishlaydi; bir nechta import-eksport kompaniyalari yoki boshqa kichik korxonalar ishlaydi. Yirik investitsiya loyihalari ham keng tarqalgan; Chjetszyanlik ishbilarmonlar Eronning birinchi Xitoy savdo majmuasini 2006-yilda qurishni boshladilar. Xurramshahrdan besh kilometr va Iroq chegarasidan yigirma kilometr uzoqlikda joylashgan mamlakat janubidagi 330 ming kvadrat metr maydonda 1500 ta korxona bo‘lishi kutilmoqda va qurilishi 600 million yuanga tushadi.^[1]^[12]

Madaniy integratsiya

" Xalq soʻzi" muxbirining taʼkidlashicha, Erondagi xitoyliklar koʻpincha mahalliy hayotga moslashishda muammolarga duch kelishadi. Ular eronliklardan alohida sferada yashaydilar. Koʻpchilik fors tilida koʻp gapira olmaydi. Mamlakatda xitoyliklar soni juda oz boʻlgani sababli, qarama-qarshi xato koʻproq uchraydigan boshqa mamlakatlardan farqli oʻlaroq, xitoyliklar odatda koreys yoki yapon xalqi sifatida qabul qilinadi. Xitoy oshxonasi u yerda mavjud emas.^[11]^[13] Eronliklarga turmushga chiqqan xitoyliklardan tashqari, xalqaro talabalar Erondagi xitoyliklarning turmush tarzi va tili jihatidan asosiy jamiyatga eng yaxshi integratsiyalashgan guruhidir. Ularning umumiy soni 100 taga baholanmoqda; Boshqa xitoyliklardan farqli oʻlaroq, aksariyati Tehrondan tashqarida yashaydi, chunki poytaxtdagi universitetlar tomonidan taqdim etilayotgan stipendiyalar soni kamayib bormoqda.^[1] Eronda Mahale Chiniha deb nomlanuvchi xitoy mavzusida qurilgan kichik Chinatown bor.

Manbalar

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 „伊朗国内局势稳定人们不太相信会爆发战争“, Xinhua News, 2007-02-08, October 24, 2012da asl nusxadan arxivlandi, qaraldi: 2009-04-27 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (yordam)
↑ Newman, Andrew J. (2006), „Monumental Challenge and Monumental Responses: the reign of Abbas I (1587–1629)“, Safavid Iran: rebirth of a Persian empire, I. B. Tauris, 69-bet, ISBN 978-1-86064-667-6
↑ Francis Barrow Pearce. Zanzibar: the island metropolis of eastern Africa. GREAT BRITAIN: Dutton, 1920 — 359-bet. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 12-mart. „interest to quote the following extract from E. Sykes's Persia and Its People: "Early in the seventeenth century, Shah Abbas imported Chinese workmen into his country to teach his subjects the art of making porcelain, and the Chinese influence is very strong in the designs on this ware. Chinese marks are also copied, so that to scratch an article is sometimes the only means of proving it to be of Persian manufacture, for the Chinese glaze, hard as iron, will take no mark."“
↑ Francis Barrow Pearce. Zanzibar: the island metropolis of eastern Africa. GREAT BRITAIN: Dutton, 1920 — 430-bet. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 12-mart. „Shah Abbas, 202; his name mentioned on bronze guns at Zanzibar, 200; imports Chinese artisans to teach the art of pottery-making, 350“
↑ Association for Asian studies (Ann Arbor;Michigan) (1976), A-L, Volumes 1-2, Columbia University Press, 817-bet, ISBN 0-231-03801-1, qaraldi: 2010-06-29{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ()
↑ Chen. „CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS vii. Persian Settlements in Southeastern China during the T'ang, Sung, and Yuan Dynasties“. Encyclopedia Iranica. Qaraldi: 2010-yil 28-iyun.
↑ W. G. Clarence-Smith (1989), The Economics of the Indian Ocean slave trade in the nineteenth century, Psychology Press, 69-bet, ISBN 0-7146-3359-3, qaraldi: 2010-08-29
↑ Maghan Keita (2002), Conceptualizing/re-conceptualizing Africa: the construction of African historical identity, Brill, 82-bet, ISBN 90-04-12420-9, qaraldi: 2010-08-29
↑ Patrick Manning (1996), Slave trades, 1500-1800: globalization of forced labour, Variorum, 288-bet, ISBN 0-86078-512-2, qaraldi: 2010-08-29
↑ Taylor & Francis (1988), Slavery & abolition, Volume 9; Volume 9, F. Cass, 69-bet, qaraldi: 2010-08-29
↑ ^11,0 ^11,1 „伊朗印象/Impressions of Iran“, China Central Television, 2005-06-08, 2013-01-19da asl nusxadan arxivlandi, qaraldi: 2007-09-06
↑ „浙商投6億在伊朗建"中國商貿城" 同時針對伊拉克“, 东方早报/Oriental Daily, 2006-06-06, qaraldi: 2007-09-06 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (yordam)
↑ 刘守望/Liu Shouwang (2006-08-07), „伊朗华人过得挺安逸“, People's Daily, 2011-07-16da asl nusxadan arxivlandi, qaraldi: 2007-09-06 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (yordam)

[Gansu-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 „伊朗国内局势稳定人们不太相信会爆发战争“, Xinhua News, 2007-02-08, October 24, 2012da asl nusxadan arxivlandi, qaraldi: 2009-04-27 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (yordam)

[2] Newman, Andrew J. (2006), „Monumental Challenge and Monumental Responses: the reign of Abbas I (1587–1629)“, Safavid Iran: rebirth of a Persian empire, I. B. Tauris, 69-bet, ISBN 978-1-86064-667-6

[3] Francis Barrow Pearce. Zanzibar: the island metropolis of eastern Africa. GREAT BRITAIN: Dutton, 1920 — 359-bet. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 12-mart. „interest to quote the following extract from E. Sykes's Persia and Its People: "Early in the seventeenth century, Shah Abbas imported Chinese workmen into his country to teach his subjects the art of making porcelain, and the Chinese influence is very strong in the designs on this ware. Chinese marks are also copied, so that to scratch an article is sometimes the only means of proving it to be of Persian manufacture, for the Chinese glaze, hard as iron, will take no mark."“

[4] Francis Barrow Pearce. Zanzibar: the island metropolis of eastern Africa. GREAT BRITAIN: Dutton, 1920 — 430-bet. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 12-mart. „Shah Abbas, 202; his name mentioned on bronze guns at Zanzibar, 200; imports Chinese artisans to teach the art of pottery-making, 350“

[5] Association for Asian studies (Ann Arbor;Michigan) (1976), A-L, Volumes 1-2, Columbia University Press, 817-bet, ISBN 0-231-03801-1, qaraldi: 2010-06-29{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ()

[Chen-6] Chen. „CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS vii. Persian Settlements in Southeastern China during the T'ang, Sung, and Yuan Dynasties“. Encyclopedia Iranica. Qaraldi: 2010-yil 28-iyun.

[7] W. G. Clarence-Smith (1989), The Economics of the Indian Ocean slave trade in the nineteenth century, Psychology Press, 69-bet, ISBN 0-7146-3359-3, qaraldi: 2010-08-29

[8] Maghan Keita (2002), Conceptualizing/re-conceptualizing Africa: the construction of African historical identity, Brill, 82-bet, ISBN 90-04-12420-9, qaraldi: 2010-08-29

[9] Patrick Manning (1996), Slave trades, 1500-1800: globalization of forced labour, Variorum, 288-bet, ISBN 0-86078-512-2, qaraldi: 2010-08-29

[10] Taylor & Francis (1988), Slavery & abolition, Volume 9; Volume 9, F. Cass, 69-bet, qaraldi: 2010-08-29

[CCTV-11] 11,0 ^11,1 „伊朗印象/Impressions of Iran“, China Central Television, 2005-06-08, 2013-01-19da asl nusxadan arxivlandi, qaraldi: 2007-09-06

[12] „浙商投6億在伊朗建"中國商貿城" 同時針對伊拉克“, 东方早报/Oriental Daily, 2006-06-06, qaraldi: 2007-09-06 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (yordam)

[RenminRibao-13] 刘守望/Liu Shouwang (2006-08-07), „伊朗华人过得挺安逸“, People's Daily, 2011-07-16da asl nusxadan arxivlandi, qaraldi: 2007-09-06 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (yordam)

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