Furanokumarin

Furanokumarin izomeri

Furanokumarinlar yoki furokumarinlar turli o'simliklar tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan organik kimyoviy birikmalar sinfidir. Furanokumarinlarni o'z ichiga olgan o'simlik turlarining aksariyati bir nechta o'simlik oilalariga mansub bo'lib. Apiaceae va Rutaceae oilalari furanokumarinlarni o'z ichiga olgan, eng ko'p o'simlik turlari. Moraceae va Fabaceae oilalari furanokumarinlarni o'z ichiga olgan, o'simlik turlari hisoblanadi^[1].

Odatda furanokumarinlar gullagan o'simliklarda, pishgan urug'lar va mevalarda eng ko'p uchraydi (Furanokumarinlar asosan barglar va kurtaklar nishlarining sutli sharbatida uchraydi, ammo mevalarda emas oddiy anjir bundan mustasno)^[2]. O'simliklar o'sishining dastlabki bosqichlarida ularni aniqlash ancha mushkul.

Tuzilishi

Furanokumarinlarning kimyoviy tuzilishi kumarin bilan birlashtirilgan furan halqasidan iborat. Furan halqasi turli yo'llar bilan birlashtirilib, bir nechta turli izomerlarni hosil qilinadi. Eng keng tarqalgan izomerlarning asosiy birikmalari sifatida psoralen va angelitsindi misol qilishimiz mumkin. Bu ikki birikmaning hosilalari chiziqli va burchakli furanokumarinlar deyiladi, chunki ular chiziqli yoki burchakli kimyoviy tuzilishga ega.

Effektlari

To'g'ridan-to'g'ri zaharlanishi

Ko'pgina furanokumarin birikmalari zaharlidir. Fitokimyoviy moddalar epiteliya hujayralarining yadrosiga kiradi va UV ta'sirida DNK bilan bog'lanish (o'zaro bog'lanish) hosil qiladi, bu hujayralar o'limiga olib keladi. Araxidon kislotasi ta'siri orqali yallig'lanishni keltirib chiqaradi. Natijada terining jiddiy yallig'lanishi ya'ni fitofotodermatit hosil bo'ladi^[3].

O'simliklar tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan furanokumarinlar, hasharotlar va sutemizuvchilar kabi yirtqichlarga qarshi himoya mexanizmi hisoblanadi^[4]^[5]. Bundan tashqari, furanokumarinlar o'simlikning qo'ziqorin hujumiga qarshi tabiiy himoya vositasidir^[6]. Xususan, Apiaceae, Rutaceae va boshqa o'simlik oilalarida tabiiy ravishda uchraydigan chiziqli furanokumarinlar (psoralen, bergapten va metoxsalen) zamburug'lar uchun zaharli^[7]. Fitofotodermatitga olib keladigan o'simliklar odatda chiziqli furanokumarinlarni o'z ichiga oladi^[6].

Dori vositalarining o'zaro ta'siri

Furanokumarinlar boshqa biologik ta'sirlarga ham ega. Masalan, odamlarda bergamottin va 6,7-dihidroksibergamottin "uzum sharbati effekti" uchun himoya vositasi hisoblanadi. P450 furanokumarinlar jigar va ichak fermentlariga ta'sir qiladi, shuning uchun qon bosimini yuqori yoki past darajalarga olib keladi^[8]. Furanokumarinlar turli xil ta'sirlarga ega bo'lib, farmatsevtika mahsulotlari va hayot uchun xavfli bo'lgan qon bosimi oshirishi yoki kamaytirishi mumkin (preparatga qarab), shuning uchun FDA tomonidan tasdiqlangan.

Yana qarang

Naringin

Manbalar

↑ Pathak, M. A.; Daniels Jr., Farrington; Fitzpatrick, T. B. (September 1962). "The Presently Known Distribution of Furocoumarins (Psoralens) in Plants". Journal of Investigative Dermatology 39 (3): 225–239. doi:10.1038/jid.1962.106. PMID 13941836.
↑ Zaynoun, S. T.; Aftimos, B. G.; Abi Ali, L.; Tenekjian, K. K.; Khalidi, U.; Kurban, A. K. (July 1984). "Ficus carica; isolation and quantification of the photoactive components". Contact Dermatitis 11 (1): 21–25. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00164.x. PMID 6744838. Cited in McGovern and Barkley 2000, section Phytophotodermatitis.
↑ Baugh. „Phytophotodermatitis“. Medscape (2016-yil 8-sentyabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 19-fevral.
↑ Berenbaum. „Furanocoumarins as potent chemical defenses“ (2010-yil 14-iyun).
↑ Cox, George W.. Alien species and evolution: the evolutionary ecology of exotic plants, animals, microbes, and interacting native species. Island Press, 2004 — 125-bet. ISBN 978-1-55963-009-2.
↑ ^6,0 ^6,1 McGovern. „Botanical Dermatology“. The Electronic Textbook of Dermatology. Internet Dermatology Society (2000). Qaraldi: 2018-yil 29-noyabr.
↑ Camm, E. L.; Wat, C. K.; Towers, G. H. N. (1976). "An assessment of the roles of furanocoumarins in Heracleum lanatum". Can. J. Bot. 54 (22): 2562–2566. doi:10.1139/b76-275.
↑ Kakar, SM; Paine, MF; Stewart, PW; Watkins, PB (2004). "6',7'-Dihydroxybergamottin contributes to the grapefruit juice effect". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 75 (6): 569–579. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2004.02.007. PMID 15179411. https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics_2004-06_75_6/page/569.

[Pathak_et_al._1962-1] Pathak, M. A.; Daniels Jr., Farrington; Fitzpatrick, T. B. (September 1962). "The Presently Known Distribution of Furocoumarins (Psoralens) in Plants". Journal of Investigative Dermatology 39 (3): 225–239. doi:10.1038/jid.1962.106. PMID 13941836.

[Zaynoun_et_al._1984-2] Zaynoun, S. T.; Aftimos, B. G.; Abi Ali, L.; Tenekjian, K. K.; Khalidi, U.; Kurban, A. K. (July 1984). "Ficus carica; isolation and quantification of the photoactive components". Contact Dermatitis 11 (1): 21–25. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00164.x. PMID 6744838. Cited in McGovern and Barkley 2000, section Phytophotodermatitis.

[Baugh_2016-3] Baugh. „Phytophotodermatitis“. Medscape (2016-yil 8-sentyabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 19-fevral.

[4] Berenbaum. „Furanocoumarins as potent chemical defenses“ (2010-yil 14-iyun).

[Cox-5] Cox, George W.. Alien species and evolution: the evolutionary ecology of exotic plants, animals, microbes, and interacting native species. Island Press, 2004 — 125-bet. ISBN 978-1-55963-009-2.

[McGovern_and_Barkley_2000-6] 6,0 ^6,1 McGovern. „Botanical Dermatology“. The Electronic Textbook of Dermatology. Internet Dermatology Society (2000). Qaraldi: 2018-yil 29-noyabr.

[7] Camm, E. L.; Wat, C. K.; Towers, G. H. N. (1976). "An assessment of the roles of furanocoumarins in Heracleum lanatum". Can. J. Bot. 54 (22): 2562–2566. doi:10.1139/b76-275.

[8] Kakar, SM; Paine, MF; Stewart, PW; Watkins, PB (2004). "6',7'-Dihydroxybergamottin contributes to the grapefruit juice effect". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 75 (6): 569–579. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2004.02.007. PMID 15179411. https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-pharmacology-and-therapeutics_2004-06_75_6/page/569.

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