Vikipediya

Hydrangea macrophylla

Hydrangea macrophylla — Hydrangeaceae oilasiga mansub gulli oʻsimlik turi, vatani Yaponiya. Bu bargli buta boʻlib, bo‘yi 2 m (7 ft) gacha oʻsadi balandligi, yoz va kuz oylarida hosil boʻladigan, pushti yoki koʻk gullarning katta boshlari bilan kengligi 2.5 m ga yetadi[1]. Umumiy nomlar orasida katta bargli gortenziya, fransuz gortenziyasi, lacecap gortenziya, mophead gortenziya, penny mac va hortensia bor.

Hydrangea macrophylla
Ilmiy tasniflash
Oʻsimliklar
Yuksak oʻsimliklar
Gulli oʻsimliklar
Ikki urugʻpallalilar
Asterids
Cornales
Hydrangeaceae
Gortenziya
H. macrophylla
Binar nomi
Hydrangea macrophylla

(Thunb.) Ser.
Sinonimlar
  • Hortensia opuloides Lam.
  • Hydrangea chungii Rehder
  • Hydrangea hortensia Siebold
  • Hydrangea hortensis Sm.
  • Hydrangea maritima Haw.-Booth
  • Hydrangea opuloides (Lam.) K.Koch
  • Hydrangea otaksa Siebold & Zucc.
  • Viburnum macrophyllum Thunb.
Hydrangea macrophylla, Avraam Yakob Vendel tomonidan, 1868 yil

Tavsif

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Beshta gulbarg atrofida rangli sepals koʻrsatilgan gulga yaqindan.

Makrophylla atamasi katta yoki uzun bargli degan maʼnoni anglatadi[2]. Qarama-qarshi joylashgan barglarning uzunligi 15 cm (6 in) gacha oʻsishi mumkin.

Hydrangea macrophyllaning to‘pgulida barcha gullar bir tekislikda yoki yarim sharda joylashgan. Ikki xil turdagi gul shakli bor: markaziy, dekorativ boʻlmagan, pentamerli va periferik, bezakli, tetramerli. Dekorativ gullarning toʻrtta sepallari och pushtidan qizil fuşya binafsha ranggacha boʻlgan ranglarga ega. Dekorativ boʻlmagan gullar beshta kichik yashil sepals va beshta kichik gulbargga ega. Gullash yozning boshida boshlanadi va qishning boshigacha davom etadi. Meva subgloboz kapsuladir.

Tarqalishi va o‘sish joyi

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Hydrangea macrophyllaning vatani Sharqiy Osiyo. Bu o‘simlik dengiz boʻyidan, shuningdek, Yaponiyadagi togʻlardan, Xonsyudan janubidan yopilgan[3]. Bu tur Xitoy, Koreya, Sibir, Yangi Zelandiya va Amerikada tabiiylashtirilgan[4]. O‘simlik Azor va Madeyra arxipelaglarida invaziv tur hisoblanadi[5].

Ranglar va tuproqning kislotaligi

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Hydrangea macrophylla gullari koʻk, qizil, pushti, och binafsha yoki toʻq binafsha rangda boʻlishi mumkin. Rangga tuproqninh pH darajasi taʼsir qiladi[6][7]. Kislotali tuproq (pH 7 dan past) odatda koʻk rangga yaqinroq gul rangini hosil qiladi, ishqoriy tuproq (pH 7 dan yuqori) esa pushti gullar hosil qiladi.  Bunga alyuminiy ionlari borligida gul pigmentlarining rangi oʻzgarishi sabab boʻladi.


Kimyo

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H. macrophylla tarkibida illodulsin, gidrangenol va ularning 8-O-glyukozidlari, A va F tunberginollar mavjud[8]. Tunberginol B[9][10][11] . Barglarda stilbenoid hidrangeik kislota ham mavjud[12].

H. macrophylla tarkibidagi qizil, binafsha, binafsha, binafsha va koʻk kabi turli xil ranglar bitta oddiy antosiyanin, delfinid 3-glyukoziddan (mirtillin) hosil boʻlib, metalloantosiyaninlar deb ataladigan metall ionlari bilan komplekslar hosil qiladi[13][14].

H. macrophylla ildizlarida lunular kislotasi, lunularin, 3,4'-dihidroksistilben va lunular kislotasining glikozidi topilgan[15].

Mumkin foydalanish

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Kurtak va barglar

Amacha — Hydrangea macrophyllaning fermentlangan barglaridan tayyorlangan yapon ichimligi.

Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium — H. macrophylla varning fermentlangan va quritilgan barglaridan tayyorlangan preparat, antiallergik va antimikrobiyal xususiyatlarga ega[16]. Shuningdek, D-galaktozamin tufayli jigar shikastlanishini bostiruvchi gepatoprotektiv faollikka ega[17].

Hydrangea macrophylla Tasmaniya yongʻinga qarshi xizmatining past alangali oʻsimliklar roʻyxatiga kiritilgan boʻlib, u binolarni himoya qilish zonasida yetishtirish uchun mos keladi[18].

Hydrangea macrophylla barglarining ekstrakti bezgakka qarshi ta‘siri tekshirilmoqda[19][20]. Barglardagi gidrangeik kislota diabetga qarshi dori sifatida tekshirilmoqda, chunki u laboratoriya hayvonlarida qon glyukoza, triglitserid va erkin yog‘ kislotasi darajasini sezilarli darajada pasaytiradi[12].

Turlari

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H. macrophylla navlarining ikkita asosiy turi bor, „mophead“ va „lacecap“[21].

Baʼzi mashhur gortenziya navlari Qirollik bogʻdorchilik jamiyatining bogʻdagi xizmatlari uchun mukofotiga sazovor boʻldi[22].  

Galereya

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  •  
    H. m. Alyuminiy sulfat eritmasidan koʻkargan „Nikko Blue“ barglari
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    "Gakuajisai" dantelli qopqogʻi
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    "Oisha"
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    "Hydrangea macrophylla guli"
  •  
    Hydrangea macrophylla
  •  
    Hydrangea macrophylla "Qizil farishta"
  •  
    Hydrangea macrophylla 'Holstein'
  •  
    Hydrangea macrophylla
  •  
    Hydrangea macrophylla
  •  
    Hydrangea macrophylla
  •  
    Hydrangea macrophylla 'Rotschwanz'
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    Hydrangea macrophylla 'Mariesii Lilacina'
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    Hydrangea macrophylla 'Hopcorn'
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    Hydrangea macrophylla 'Lemon Wave'
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    Hydrangea macrophylla 'Zaunkönig'
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    Hydrangea macrophylla 'Izu-no-hana'
  •  
    Hydrangea macrophylla 'Hot Red'

Manbalar

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  1. ↑ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley, 2008 — 1136-bet. ISBN 978-1405332965. 
  2. ↑ Harrison, Lorraine. RHS Latin for gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley, 2012 — 224-bet. ISBN 9781845337315. 
  3. ↑ Ohwi, Jisaburo. Flora of Japan. Smithsonian Institution, 1965 — 511-bet. 
  4. ↑ Wiersema, John H.. World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference, Second Edition (en). CRC Press, 2016 — 357-bet. ISBN 9781466576810. 
  5. ↑ „Hydrangea macrophylla“. flora.on. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 1-noyabr.
  6. ↑ Wade, Gary L.. Growing Bigleaf Hydrangea. University of Georgia [September 2009], August 2017. 
  7. ↑ „Hydrangea Questions and Answers“. The United States National Arboretum. United States Department of Agriculture (2005-yil 28-sentyabr). 2013-yil 16-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
  8. ↑ Matsuda, H.; Shimoda, H.; Yamahara, J.; Yoshikawa, M. (1999). "Effects of Phyllodulcin, Hydrangenol, and their 8-O-Glucosides, and Thunberginols A and F from Hydrangea macrophylla SERINGE var. thunbergii MAKINO on Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis Reaction in Rats" (pdf). Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 22 (8): 870–872. doi:10.1248/bpb.22.870. PMID 10480329. http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb1993/22/8/22_8_870/_pdf. 
  9. ↑ Matsuda, H; Wang, Q; Matsuhira, K; Nakamura, S; Yuan, D; Yoshikawa, M (2008). "Inhibitory effects of thunberginols A and B isolated from Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium on mRNA expression of cytokines and on activation of activator protein-1 in RBL-2H3 cells". Phytomedicine 15 (3): 177–84. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2007.09.010. PMID 17950587. 
  10. ↑ Yoshikawa, M; Uchida, E; Chatani, N; Kobayashi, H; Naitoh, Y; Okuno, Y; Matsuda, H; Yamahara, J et al. (1992). "Thunberginols C, D, and E, new antiallergic and antimicrobial dihydroisocoumarins, and thunberginol G 3'-O-glucoside and (−)-hydrangenol 4'-O-glucoside, new dihydroisocoumarin glycosides, from Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium". Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 40 (12): 3352–4. doi:10.1248/cpb.40.3352. PMID 1363465. 
  11. ↑ Murakami, N; Mostaqul, HM; Tamura, S; Itagaki, S; Horii, T; Kobayashi, M (2001). "New anti-malarial flavonol glycoside from Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 11 (18): 2445–7. doi:10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00467-x. PMID 11549443. http://144.206.159.178/ft/116/43291/785202.pdf. [sayt ishlamaydi]
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Zhang, Hailong; Matsuda, Hisashi; Yamashita, Chihiro; Nakamura, Seikou; Yoshikawa, Masayuki (2009). "Hydrangeic acid from the processed leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla var. thunbergii as a new type of anti-diabetic compound". European Journal of Pharmacology 606 (1–3): 255–61. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.01.005. PMID 19374876. 
  13. ↑ Hayashi, K.; Abe, Y. (1953). "Studien über Anthocyane. XXIII. Papierchromatographische Übersicht der Anthocyane im Pflanzenreich". Miscellaneous Reports of the Research Institute for Natural Resources 29: 1–8. 
  14. ↑ "Blue flower color development by anthocyanins: from chemical structure to cell physiology". Natural Product Reports 26 (7): 884–915. 2009. doi:10.1039/b800165k. PMID 19554240. http://www.rsc.org/delivery/_ArticleLinking/DisplayHTMLArticleforfree.cfm?JournalCode=NP&Year=2009&ManuscriptID=b800165k&Iss=7. 
  15. ↑ Gorham, John (1977). "Lunularic acid and related compounds in liverworts, algae and Hydrangea". Phytochemistry 16 (2): 249–253. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86795-3. 
  16. ↑ Yoshikawa, M; Matsuda, H; Shimoda, H; Shimada, H; Harada, E; Naitoh, Y; Miki, A; Yamahara, J et al. (1996). "Development of bioactive functions in Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium. V. On the antiallergic and antimicrobial principles of Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium. (2). Thunberginols C, D, and E, thunberginol G 3'-O-glucoside, (−)-hydrangenol 4'-o-glucoside, and (+)-hydrangenol 4'-O-glucoside". Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 44 (8): 1440–7. doi:10.1248/cpb.44.1440. PMID 8795265. 
  17. ↑ "Suppression by Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium of D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in vitro and in vivo". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 67 (12): 2641–3. December 2003. doi:10.1271/bbb.67.2641. PMID 14730144. 
  18. ↑ Chladil and Sheridan. „Fire retardant garden plants for the urban fringe and rural areas“. www.fire.tas.gov.au. Tasmanian Fire Research Fund.
  19. ↑ Kamei K.Expression error: Unrecognized word "etal". (2000). "Anti-malarial activity of leaf-extract of Hydrangea macrophylla, a common Japanese plant". Acta Medica Okayama 54 (5): 227–232. PMID 11061572. 
  20. ↑ "Botanical treatment and prevention of malaria: Part 2 - Selected botanicals". Alternative and Complementary Therapies 10 (5): 277–84. Oct 2004. doi:10.1089/act.2004.10.277. 
  21. ↑ Types of Hydrangeas at Plant Addicts.
  22. ↑ „AGM Plants - Ornamental“. Royal Horticultural Society (2017-yil iyul). Qaraldi: 2018-yil 7-mart. 
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