Turkiy xalqlar

Turkiy ellar Turkiy tillarda soʻzlashuvchi, shimoliy va markaziy Yevroosiyoda yashovchi xalqlar guruhidir. Bu xalqlar u yoki bu darajada umumiylashgan madaniyat va anʼanalarga ega. Turkiy xalqlar tayinli bir irqqa tegishli emas, ularni bogʻlovchi unsur asosan etnogenezlarida joy olgan Turk urugʻlari va tillaridir.

xarita

MamlakatlarTahrirlash

Davlat	Aholisi ichida Turkiy xalqlar soni
Dunyo Boʻyicha	200+ million
Turkiya	70.000.000
Oʻzbekiston	31.900.000
Eron	20-30 million
Xitoy	15-30 million
Rossiya	15.000.000
Qozogʻiston	13.000.000
Ozarbayjon	10.000.000
Turkmaniston	6.800.000
Yevropa Ittifoqi	7.000.000
Qirgʻiziston	5.000.000
Afgʻoniston	3.500.000
Iroq	3.000.000
Tojikiston	1.500.000
AQSh	1.000.000+
Ukraina	400.000
Moldova	200.000
Mongoliya	150.000
Avstraliya	100.000
Birlashgan Qirollik	50.000
Kanada	100.000
Argentina	1.000
Turkiylar Dini	Asosan Islom, qolganlar Tangrichilik, xristian, buddist, Shomonlik, lamaizm va boshqa dinlarga eʼtiqod qiluvchilardir.

TarixiTahrirlash

Turk, turkiylar — jahondagi turkiy tillardada soʻzlashuvchi xalqlarga nisbatan ishlatiladigan nom. Turk soʻzi baquvvat, barkamol, odillik kabi maʼnolarni anglatadi, degan fikrlar mavjud. Qadimgi turklar genetik va fenotipik jihatdan Sharqiy osiyoliklar va sibirliklar bilan chambarchas bog'liq edi. Turkiy xalqlar mo'g'ullar va koreyslar bilan alohida yaqin munosabatda bo'lishi mumkin.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Genetik, arxeologik va lingvistik dalillar ilk turkiy xalqlarni shimoli-Sharqiy Osiyo Tarik-agriculturalists bilan bog'laydi, keyinchalik ko'chmanchi turmush tarzini qabul qilgan va Sharqiy Mo'g'ulistondan g'arbga tomon kengaygan.^[7]

Bir necha ming yilliklar davomida turkiy qabilalar koʻp marta birlashgan va parchalanganligi tufayli ularning qabilaviy tarkibi oʻzgarib turgan.

Mil. av 2-asrdan — mil. 3-asrgacha boʻlgan davrda turklar Hun xoqonligi tarkibida boʻlganligi sababli Xitoy manbalarida shyunnu, hunnu deb ham atalgan. Mazkur xoqonlik yemirilgandan keyingi 300 yilga yaqin davr davomida xitoylar turklarni tiyekle (zamonaviy tilda tele) deb atashgan.

6-asrda turklarda boʻlgan Ashina avlodi kuchayib, Turk xoqonligi barpo etgan. Xitoy manbalariga koʻra, 9-asrda tilga olinadigan turk qabilalari 58 ta nom bilan ajratilgan. Shulardan 22 tasi uygʻur (ittifoqchilar) deb nomlangan. Uygʻur xoqonligi tugatilganidan soʻng bularning katta bir qismi Turkiston hududida joylashgan (qarang Turk). Turkiya olimlari asarlarida turk qabilasi koʻkturk deb xam ataladi. Tadqiqotlarga koʻra, koʻkturk soʻzi tangriga, yaʼni osmonga ishongan turklar, balandlik turklari, koʻk boʻri totemi boʻlgan turklar kabi maʼnolarni anglatgan. Markaziy Osiyoda turk toponim, etnonim, gidronim sifatida koʻplab uchraydi.

Hozirgi davrTahrirlash

Turkiy aholi soni taxminan 200-250 million nafarga yetgan.^[8] Shulardan 70 millioni Turkiya turklaridir. Hozirda oltita mustaqil turkiy davlat mavjud:

Yana qarangTahrirlash

ManbalarTahrirlash

↑ Damgaard, P. B.; et al. (9-may 2018-yil). "137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes". Nature. Nature Research. 557 (7705): 369–373. Bibcode:2018Natur.557..369D. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2. PMID 29743675. S2CID 13670282.
↑ Uchiyama, Junzo; Gillam, J. Christopher; Savelyev, Alexander; Ning, Chao (2020). "Populations dynamics in Northern Eurasian forests: a long-term perspective from Northeast Asia". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 2. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.11. hdl:21.11116/0000-0007-7733-A. ISSN 2513-843X. S2CID 219470000.
↑ ; Michal BiranMongols, Turks, and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World. Brill, 2005 — 222–223 bet. ISBN 978-90-04-14096-7. : "One of the issues that most occupied the travelers was the physiognomy of the Turks.120 Both mentally and physically, Turks appeared to the Arab authors as very different from themselves.121 The shape of these “broad faced people with small eyes” and their physique impressed the travelers crossing the Eurasian lands." "According to this explanation: Because of the Turks’ distance from the course of the sun and from the sun’s rising and descending, the snow in their lands is abundant and coldness and humidity dominate it. This caused the bodies of this land’s inhabitants to become mellow and their epidermis thick.124 Their sleek hair is spare and its colour is pale with an inclination to red. Due to the cold weather of their surroundings, coldness dominates their temper. In effect, the cold climate breeds abundant flesh. The arctic temperature compresses the heat and makes it visible. This gives them their pink skin. It is noticeable among the people who have bulky bodies and pale colour. Whilst a chilly wind hits them, their faces, lips, fingers and legs became red. This is because while they were warm their blood expanded, and then the cold temperature caused it to amass."
↑ Lee & Kuang (2017) "A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and Y-DNA Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples", Inner Asia 19. p. 207-208 of 197-239
↑ André Wink. Al-Hind: The Slavic Kings and the Islamic conquest, 11th–13th centuries. BRILL, 2002 — 69– bet. ISBN 978-0-391-04174-5.
↑ Babayar, Gaybulla (2013). „The Imperial Titles on the Coins of the Western Turkic Qaghanate“. History of Central Asia in Modern Medieval Studies. Tashkent: Yangi Nashr. 331-bet.
↑ Uchiyama, Junzo; Gillam, J. Christopher; Savelyev, Alexander; Ning, Chao (2020). „Populations dynamics in Northern Eurasian forests: a long-term perspective from Northeast Asia“. Evolutionary Human Sciences (inglizcha). 2-jild. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.11. hdl:21.11116/0000-0007-7733-A. ISSN 2513-843X. S2CID 219470000.
↑ arxiv nusxasi, archived from the original on 2018-12-08, https://web.archive.org/web/20181208115739/http://www.sonsoftheconquerors.com/16501.html?*session*id*key*=*session*id*val, qaraldi: 2007-09-25 Turkiy xalqlar]]

HavolalarTahrirlash

Orhun Yazmaları Arxivlandi 2012-04-11 Wayback Machine saytida.
Orhun Bilge Tonyukuk Tashı^{[sayt ishlamaydi]}

Ushbu maqolada Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi (2000-2005) maʼlumotlaridan foydalanilgan.

Ushbu maqola chaladir. Siz uni boyitib, Vikipediyaga yordam berishingiz mumkin.
Bu andozani aniqrogʻiga almashtirish kerak.

[1] Damgaard, P. B.; et al. (9-may 2018-yil). "137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes". Nature. Nature Research. 557 (7705): 369–373. Bibcode:2018Natur.557..369D. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2. PMID 29743675. S2CID 13670282.

[2] Uchiyama, Junzo; Gillam, J. Christopher; Savelyev, Alexander; Ning, Chao (2020). "Populations dynamics in Northern Eurasian forests: a long-term perspective from Northeast Asia". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 2. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.11. hdl:21.11116/0000-0007-7733-A. ISSN 2513-843X. S2CID 219470000.

[AmitaiBiran2005-3] ; Michal BiranMongols, Turks, and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World. Brill, 2005 — 222–223 bet. ISBN 978-90-04-14096-7. : "One of the issues that most occupied the travelers was the physiognomy of the Turks.120 Both mentally and physically, Turks appeared to the Arab authors as very different from themselves.121 The shape of these “broad faced people with small eyes” and their physique impressed the travelers crossing the Eurasian lands." "According to this explanation: Because of the Turks’ distance from the course of the sun and from the sun’s rising and descending, the snow in their lands is abundant and coldness and humidity dominate it. This caused the bodies of this land’s inhabitants to become mellow and their epidermis thick.124 Their sleek hair is spare and its colour is pale with an inclination to red. Due to the cold weather of their surroundings, coldness dominates their temper. In effect, the cold climate breeds abundant flesh. The arctic temperature compresses the heat and makes it visible. This gives them their pink skin. It is noticeable among the people who have bulky bodies and pale colour. Whilst a chilly wind hits them, their faces, lips, fingers and legs became red. This is because while they were warm their blood expanded, and then the cold temperature caused it to amass."

[Lee_&_Kuang_2017-4] Lee & Kuang (2017) "A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and Y-DNA Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples", Inner Asia 19. p. 207-208 of 197-239

[Wink2002-5] André Wink. Al-Hind: The Slavic Kings and the Islamic conquest, 11th–13th centuries. BRILL, 2002 — 69– bet. ISBN 978-0-391-04174-5.

[Babayar2013-6] Babayar, Gaybulla (2013). „The Imperial Titles on the Coins of the Western Turkic Qaghanate“. History of Central Asia in Modern Medieval Studies. Tashkent: Yangi Nashr. 331-bet.

[7] Uchiyama, Junzo; Gillam, J. Christopher; Savelyev, Alexander; Ning, Chao (2020). „Populations dynamics in Northern Eurasian forests: a long-term perspective from Northeast Asia“. Evolutionary Human Sciences (inglizcha). 2-jild. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.11. hdl:21.11116/0000-0007-7733-A. ISSN 2513-843X. S2CID 219470000.

[8] arxiv nusxasi, archived from the original on 2018-12-08, https://web.archive.org/web/20181208115739/http://www.sonsoftheconquerors.com/16501.html?*session*id*key*=*session*id*val, qaraldi: 2007-09-25 Turkiy xalqlar]]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]