Aorta stenozi
Aortal stenoz - yurakning chap qorinchasi ( aorta boshlanadigan joy) chiqishining torayishi, natijada muammolar paydo bo'ladi Bu aorta qopqog'ida, shuningdek, bu darajadan yuqorida va pastda paydo bo'lishi mumkin[1]. Odatda vaqt o'tishi bilan yomonlashadi[1]. Simptomlar ko'pincha birinchi bo'lib jismoniy mashqlar qilish qobiliyatining pasayishi bilan asta-sekin paydo bo'ladi[1] .Agar yurak etishmovchiligi, ongni yo'qotish yoki yurak bilan bog'liq ko'krak og'rig'i AS tufayli yuzaga kelsa, natijalar yomonroq bo'ladi[1]. Ongni yo'qotish odatda tik turish yoki mashq qilish bilan sodir bo'ladi[1].Yurak etishmovchiligi belgilari orasida nafas qisilishi, ayniqsa yotganda, kechasi yoki jismoniy mashqlar paytida va oyoqlarning shishishi kiradi[1]. Qopqoqning toraymasdan qalinlashishi aorta sklerozi deb ataladi[1].
Sabablari orasida ikki tarafli aorta qopqog'i bilan tug'ilish va revmatik isitma ; oddiy valf ham kalsifikatsiya tufayli o'nlab yillar davomida qattiqlashishi mumkin[2][1]Bikuspidli aorta qopqog'i aholining taxminan bir yoki ikki foiziga ta'sir qiladi. [1]2014 yildan boshlab revmatik yurak kasalligi asosan rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda uchraydi[1].Xavf omillari koronar arteriya kasalliklariga o'xshaydi va chekish, yuqori qon bosimi, yuqori xolesterin, diabet va erkak bo'lishni o'z ichiga oladi[1].Aorta qopqog'i odatda uchta varaqdan iborat bo'lib, yurakning chap qorinchasi va aorta o'rtasida joylashgan[1].AS odatda yurak shovqiniga olib keladi[1] Uning zo'ravonligi engil, o'rtacha, og'ir va juda og'ir bo'linishi mumkin, bu yurakning ultratovush tekshiruvi bilan ajralib turadi[1].
Aorta stenozi odatda takroriy ultratovush tekshiruvi yordamida kuzatiladi[1].Kasallik og'irlashgandan so'ng, davolash, birinchi navbatda, qopqoqni almashtirish operatsiyasini o'z ichiga oladi, transkateter aorta qopqog'ini almashtirish jarrohlik xavfi yuqori bo'lgan ba'zilarda variant hisoblanadi[1].Valflar mexanik yoki bioprostetik bo'lishi mumkin, ularning har biri xavf va afzalliklarga ega[1].Yana bir kamroq invaziv protsedura, balon aorta valvuloplastikasi (BAV) foyda keltirishi mumkin, ammo bir necha oy[1].Yurak etishmovchiligi kabi asoratlar engil va o'rtacha AS bilan bir xil tarzda davolash mumkin[1]. Og'ir kasalligi bo'lganlarda, ACE inhibitörleri, nitrogliserin va ba'zi beta-blokerlarni o'z ichiga olgan bir qator dori-darmonlardan qochish kerak[1]. Qon bosimiga qarab dekompensatsiyalangan yurak etishmovchiligi bo'lganlarda nitroprussid yoki fenilefrin qo'llanilishi mumkin[1][3]
Rivojlangan mamlakatlarda aorta stenozi eng keng tarqalgan yurak qopqog'i kasalligidir Bu 65 yoshdan oshgan odamlarning taxminan 2 foiziga ta'sir qiladi[1]. Rivojlanayotgan dunyoning aksariyat mamlakatlarida 2014-yilda hisoblangan ko‘rsatkichlar ma’lum emas edi[4] Semptomlari bo'lganlarda, tuzatilmasdan, besh yoshda o'lim ehtimoli taxminan 50% va 10 yoshda taxminan 90% ni tashkil qiladi[1].Aorta stenozi birinchi marta 1663 yilda fransuz shifokori Lazar Rivier tomonidan tasvirlangan[5]
Belgilari va simptomlari
tahrirAorta stenozi bilan bog'liq belgilar stenoz darajasiga bog'liq. Yengil va o'rta darajadagi aorta stenozi bo'lgan ko'pchilik odamlarda alomatlar yo'q. Simptomlar odatda og'ir aorta stenozi bo'lgan odamlarda namoyon bo'ladi, ammo ular yengil va o'rtacha aorta stenozi bo'lganlarda ham paydo bo'lishi mumkin. Aorta stenozining uchta asosiy belgilari:ongni yo'qotish, anginal ko'krak og'rig'i va faoliyat bilan nafas qisilishi yoki yurak etishmovchiligining boshqa belgilari, masalan, tekis yotganda nafas qisilishi, kechasi nafas qisilishi epizodlari yoki shishgan oyoq[6] Bundan tashqari, yengil qizarish bilan rangparlikning xarakterli " Drezden china " ko'rinishi bo'lishi mumkin[7]
Sabablari
tahrirPatofiziologiya
tahrirDiagnostika
tahrirExokardiyogramma
tahrirAorta stenozining og'irligi [9] | ||
---|---|---|
Daraja | O'rtacha gradient </br> (mmHg) |
Aorta qopqog'i maydoni </br> (sm 2 ) |
Yengil | <25 | >1,5 |
Oʻrtacha | 25 - 40 | 1,0 - 1,5 |
Og'ir | >40 | < 1,0 |
Juda qattiq | >70 | < 0,6 |
Manbalar
tahrir- ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,17 1,18 1,19 1,20 1,21 1,22 Czarny, MJ; Resar, JR (2014). "Diagnosis and management of valvular aortic stenosis.". Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology 8 (Suppl 1): 15–24. doi:10.4137/CMC.S15716. PMID 25368539. PMC 4213201. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4213201.Czarny, MJ; Resar, JR (2014). "Diagnosis and management of valvular aortic stenosis". Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology. 8 (Suppl 1): 15–24. doi:10.4137/CMC.S15716. PMC 4213201. PMID 25368539.
- ↑ Bertazzo, Sergio; Gentleman, Eileen; Cloyd, Kristy L.; Chester, Adrian H.; Yacoub, Magdi H.; Stevens, Molly M. (2013). "Nano-analytical electron microscopy reveals fundamental insights into human cardiovascular tissue calcification". Nature Materials 12 (6): 576–583. doi:10.1038/nmat3627. ISSN 1476-1122. PMID 23603848. PMC 5833942. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5833942.
- ↑ Overgaard, CB; Dzavík, V (2 September 2008). "Inotropes and vasopressors: review of physiology and clinical use in cardiovascular disease.". Circulation 118 (10): 1047–56. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.728840. PMID 18765387. https://archive.org/details/sim_circulation_2008-09-02_118_10/page/1047.
- ↑ Thaden, JJ; Nkomo, VT; Enriquez-Sarano, M (2014). "The global burden of aortic stenosis.". Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 56 (6): 565–71. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2014.02.006. PMID 24838132.
- ↑ Leopold JA (August 2012). "Cellular mechanisms of aortic valve calcification". Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions 5 (4): 605–14. doi:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.112.971028. PMID 22896576. PMC 3427002. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3427002.
- ↑ Manning WJ (October 2013). "Asymptomatic aortic stenosis in the elderly: a clinical review". JAMA 310 (14): 1490–7. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.279194. PMID 24104373.Manning WJ (October 2013). "Asymptomatic aortic stenosis in the elderly: a clinical review". JAMA. 310 (14): 1490–7. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.279194. PMID 24104373. S2CID 205041976.
- ↑ Silverman, ME (April 1999). "A view from the millennium: the practice of cardiology circa 1950 and thereafter.". Journal of the American College of Cardiology 33 (5): 1141–51. doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00027-3. PMID 10193710. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-college-of-cardiology_1999-04_33_5/page/1141.
- ↑ "Nano-analytical electron microscopy reveals fundamental insights into human cardiovascular tissue calcification". Nature Materials 12 (6): 576–83. June 2013. doi:10.1038/nmat3627. PMID 23603848. PMC 5833942. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5833942.
- ↑ VOC=VITIUM ORGANICUM CORDIS, a compendium of the Department of Cardiology at Uppsala Academic Hospital. By Per Kvidal September 1999, with revision by Erik Björklund May 2008
Havolalar
tahrir- Aorta stenozi Curlie katalogida
- Bonow, Robert O.; Brown, Alan S.; Gillam, Linda D.; Kapadia, Samir R.; Kavinsky, Clifford J.; Lindman, Brian R.; Mack, Michael J.; Thourani, Vinod H. (October 2017). "ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/EACTS/HVS/SCA/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2017 Appropriate Use Criteria for the Treatment of Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis". Journal of the American College of Cardiology 70 (20): 2566–2598. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.018. PMID 29054308.