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Foydalanuvchi:Umida Habibullayevna/qumloq

Gipotenziya
Gipotoniya (past qon bosimi) bilan kasallangan bemorning qon bosimi o‘lchanayotgan holat tasviri
Gipotoniya (past qon bosimi) bilan kasallangan bemorning qon bosimi o‘lchanayotgan holat tasviri
Bemorning qon bosimi tekshirilayotganini ko‘rsatuvchi rasm. Sistolik qon bosimi 90 mm simob ustunidan past bo‘lsa, bu gipotenziya (past qon bosimi) hisoblanadi.
Mutaxassislik Reanimatsiya va intensiv terapiya, kardiologiya
Asoratlari Hushidan ketish, qon ketishi
Tashxis usullari Simptomlarga asoslangan jismoniy ko‘rik
Davolash Vena ichiga yuboruvchi suyuqlik

Gipotenziya yoki past qon bosimi deb ham ataladigan bu holat, qon bosimining me’yordan pastroq bo‘lishi bilan tavsiflanadigan yurak-qon tomir kasalligidir[1]. Qon bosimi - bu yurak qonni haydaganda, qonning arteriya devorlariga ko‘rsatadigan kuchdir[2]. U odatda ikkita raqam bilan ifodalanadi: sistolik qon bosimi (yuqori raqam) va diastolik qon bosimi (pastki raqam). Bu ikkala ko‘rsatkich mos ravishda yurak sikli davomidagi eng yuqori va eng past qon bosimini anglatadi[3]. Sistolik qon bosimining 90 millimetr simob ustunidan (mmHg) past yoki diastolik qon bosimining 60 mmHg dan past bo‘lishi odatda gipotenziya deb hisoblanadi[4][5]. Bolalar uchun boshqa ko‘rsatkichlar qo‘llaniladi[6]. Biroq, amalda qon bosimi faqat sezilarli alomatlar mavjud bo‘lgan taqdirdagina haddan tashqari past deb baholanadi[7].

Simptomlar bosh aylanishi, bosh aylanishi, sarosimaga tushish, charchash, holsizlik, bosh og‘rig‘i, ko‘zning xiralashishi, ko‘ngil aynishi, bo‘yin yoki bel og‘rig‘i, yurak urishining notekisligi yoki yurak urib ketayotgandek his qilish va hushdan ketishni o‘z ichiga olishi mumkin[4]. Gipotenziya yuqori qon bosimi bo‘lgan gipertenziyaning aksidir[2]. Uni kasallik emas, balki fiziologik holat sifatida tushunish maqsadga muvofiqdir[2]. Juda past qon bosimi miya va boshqa hayotiy muhim a’zolarni kislorod va ozuqa moddalardan mahrum qilib, shok deb ataladigan hayot uchun xavfli holatga olib kelishi mumkin[3]. Shok asosiy sababiga ko‘ra turli xillarga bo‘linadi, jumladan gipovolemik shok, kardiogen shok, distributiv shok va obstruktiv shok[8].

Gipotenziya og‘ir jismoniy mashqlar, haddan tashqari issiqlik, qon hajmining kamligi (gipovolemiya)[9], gormonal o‘zgarishlar[10], qon tomirlarining kengayishi[11], kamqonlik[12], B12 vitamini[7][13] yetishmovchiligi, anafilaksiya[7], yurak kasalliklari[14] yoki endokrin tizimi[15] muammolari tufayli yuzaga kelishi mumkin. Ba’zi dori vositalari ham gipotenziyaga sabab bo‘lishi mumkin[16]. Bundan tashqari, ortostatik gipotenziya[16], vazovagal sinkop va boshqa kamroq uchraydigan holatlar kabi bemorlarda gipotenziyani keltirib chiqaruvchi sindromlar ham mavjud.

Ko‘pchilik odamlar uchun haddan tashqari past qon bosimi bosh aylanishi va hushdan ketishga sabab bo‘lishi yoki jiddiy yurak, endokrin yoxud nevrologik kasalliklarning belgisi bo‘lishi mumkin[16].

Jismoniy mashq bilan shug‘ullanadigan va yuqori jismoniy holatda bo‘lgan ayrim odamlar uchun past qon bosimi normal holat bo‘lishi mumkin[17][18]. Bir martalik mashg‘ulot gipotenziyaga olib kelishi, suvda bajariladigan mashqlar esa gipotenziv ta’sir ko‘rsatishi mumkin[19].

Davolash qon bosimining pastligiga sabab bo‘lgan omillarga bog‘liq[4]. Gipotenziyani davolashda vena ichiga suyuqliklar yuborish yoki vazopressorlardan foydalanish mumkin[20]. Katta yoshli bemorlarda vazopressorlar qo‘llanilganda, o‘rtacha arterial bosimni (O‘AB) 70 mm sim. ust.dan yuqoriga ko‘tarishga intilish, 65 mm sim. ust.dan yuqori bo‘lgan O‘AB ga erishishga harakat qilishdan ko‘ra yaxshiroq natijalar bermaydi[21].

Alomatlar va belgilar

tahrir

Ko‘pchilik odamlar past qon bosimini sezmaydilar[4]. Ba’zi kishilarda esa past qon bosimi, ayniqsa u to‘satdan tushganda yoki boshqa alomatlar bilan birga kuzatilganda, asosiy sog‘liq muammosining belgisi bo‘lishi mumkin[5]. Keksalarda past qon bosimining belgilari, masalan tik turganda yoki ovqatlanishdan so‘ng yiqilish, hushdan ketish yoki bosh aylanishi xavfi yuqoriroq bo‘ladi[4]. Qon bosimi juda past bo‘lsa, hushdan ketish (sinkop) holati yuz berishi mumkin[16].

Past qon bosimi ba’zan ma’lum alomatlar bilan bog‘liq bo‘lib, ularning ko‘pchiligi gipotenziyaning oqibati emas, balki sabablari bilan aloqadordir[5]:

  1. ↑ TheFreeDictionary > hypotension. Citing: The American Heritage Science Dictionary Copyright 2005
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Costanzo, Linda S.. Physiology, Preceded by: Costanzo, Linda S., Sixth, Philadelphia, PA, March 15, 2017. ISBN 978-0-323-51189-6. OCLC 965761862. 
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 „High Blood Pressure Fact Sheet|Data & Statistics|DHDSP|CDC“ (en-us). www.cdc.gov. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019-yil 9-yanvar). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 15-yanvar.
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 „What Is Low Blood Pressure?“. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2022-yil 24-mart). Qaraldi: 2024-yil 15-iyun.
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 Mayo Clinic staff. „Low blood pressure (hypotension) — Definition“. MayoClinic.com. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (2024-yil 13-iyun). Qaraldi: 2024-yil 15-iyun.
  6. ↑ Flynn, Joseph T.; Kaelber, David C.; Baker-Smith, Carissa M.; Blowey, Douglas; Carroll, Aaron E.; Daniels, Stephen R.; Ferranti, Sarah D. de; Dionne, Janis M. et al. (2017-09-01). "Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents" (en). Pediatrics 140 (3). September 2017. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-1904. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 28827377. https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/140/3/e20171904. 
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 Mayo Clinic staff. „Low blood pressure (hypotension) — Causes“. MayoClinic.com. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (2009-yil 23-may). Qaraldi: 2010-yil 19-oktyabr.
  8. ↑ Haseer Koya, Hayas; Paul, Manju (2021), „Shock“, StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 30285387, qaraldi: 2021-11-29
  9. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :10
  10. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :15
  11. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :16
  12. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :17
  13. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named B799
  14. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :18
  15. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :19
  16. ↑ 16,0 16,1 16,2 16,3 Joseph, Adrien; Wanono, Ruben; Flamant, Martin; Vidal-Petiot, Emmanuelle (April 2017). "Orthostatic hypotension: A review". Nephrologie & Therapeutique 13 (Suppl 1): S55–S67. doi:10.1016/j.nephro.2017.01.003. ISSN 1872-9177. PMID 28577744. 
  17. ↑ „Low blood pressure (hypotension)“. Bupa. 2014-yil 23-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
  18. ↑ „Low blood pressure (hypotension)“. Bupa. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 15-iyun.
  19. ↑ Rodriguez, D; Silva, V; Prestes, J; Rica, RL; Serra, AJ; Bocalini, DS; Pontes FL, Jr; Silva, Valter (2011). "Hypotensive response after water-walking and land-walking exercise sessions in healthy trained and untrained women.". International Journal of General Medicine 4: 549–554. doi:10.2147/IJGM.S23094. PMID 21887107. PMC 3160863. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3160863. 
  20. ↑ Hunter, Benton R.; Martindale, Jennifer; Abdel-Hafez, Osama; Pang, Peter S. (September 2017). "Approach to Acute Heart Failure in the Emergency Department". Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 60 (2): 178–186. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2017.08.008. ISSN 1873-1740. PMID 28865801. 
  21. ↑ Hylands, M; Moller, MH; Asfar, P; Toma, A; Frenette, AJ; Beaudoin, N; Belley-Côté, É; D'Aragon, F et al. (July 2017). "A systematic review of vasopressor blood pressure targets in critically ill adults with hypotension.". Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 64 (7): 703–715. doi:10.1007/s12630-017-0877-1. PMID 28497426.  
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