Usmon ibn Hayyon al-Murriy
Usmon ibn Hayyon al-Murriy (arabcha: عثمان بن حيان المري) VIII asrda viloyat hokimi va Umaviylar xalifaligining harbiy qoʻmondoni boʻlgan. 712 yoki 713–715-yillarda Madina hokimi boʻlib xizmat qilgan.
Faoliyati
tahrirBanu Murra qabilasidan boʻlgan Usmon ibn Hayyon xalifa Volid ibn Abdulmalik (h. 705–715) hukmronligi davrida Madina hokimi etib tayinlangan. Ushbu lavozimga Iroqning qudratli hokimi al-Hajjoj ibn Yusuf tomonidan tavsiya etilgan[1]. Usmon ibn Hayyon viloyat boshqaruvi davrida shaharda Umaviylarga qarshi guruhlarni bostirish uchun keskin choralar koʻrgan, ularga qarshi fitna uyushtirishda gumon qilingan bir qancha shaxslarni jazolagan. Usmon, ayniqsa, Madinadagi siyosiy norozilikning asosiy sababchisi sifatida tanilgan iroqlik muhojirlar guruhiga qarshi harakat qilgan. Ularni zoʻrlik bilan Hajjoj ibn Yusufning huzuriga qaytarib yuborgan, shuningdek, ularga boshpana bergan madinaliklarning uylarini buzib tashlash bilan tahdid qilgan[2]. Bir necha madinalik fuqarolarning iltimosiga binoan, korrupsiyaga chek qoʻyish maqsadida qoʻshiqchilar va zinokorlarni shahardan haydab chiqarish toʻgʻrisida koʻrsatma bergan, ammo bir mahalliy taniqli kishining aralashuvidan soʻng fikrini oʻzgartirgan va buyruqni bekor qilgan[3].
Usmon ibn Hayyonning hokimlik muddati 715-yilga qadar davom etgan, taxtga oʻtirgan navbatdagi xalifa Sulaymon ibn Abdulmalik oʻzidan oldingi hukmdor tomonidan siyosiy boshqaruvga tayinlangan kishilarni birma-bir lavozimidan olib tashlash harakatlarini boshlagan va Usmon ham uning nishoniga aylangan. Oʻsha yilning iyun oyida xalifa Usmonni lavozimidan boʻshatib, uning oʻrniga Madinaning bosh qozisi Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Hazmni tayinlagan va qoʻshimcha ravishda uni qamchilash uchun koʻrsatma ham bergan[4]. Xalifaning bu harakati Usmonda chuqur nafrat uygʻotgan, Yazid ibn Abdulmalik 720-yilda xalifa etib tayinlanganidan soʻng, oʻzining kaltaklanishi bilan bogʻliq holatlar yuzasidan tergov oʻtkazilishini iltimos qilgan. Natijada, Abu Bakrning oʻzi madinalik yangi hokim Abdurahmon ibn al-Dahhokdan hudud jazosini olgan[5]. Usmon va Abu Bakr oʻrtasidagi janjal 721/722-yillarga qadar davom etgan, oʻsha yili hokim Abdurahmon ularga oʻzaro yarashib olishni buyurgan[6].
Keyinchalik, Usmon Avosim harbiy qoʻmondoni boʻlib xizmat qilgan va Vizantiyaga qarshi 722 va 723-yozgi yurishlarga rahbarlik qilgan[7].
Manbalar
tahrir- ↑ Hinds 1990, ss. 202–03, 206, 214, 217; Al-Ya'qubi 1883, s. 347; Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, ss. 311–12; McMillan 2011, ss. 104–05; Landau-Tasseron 1993, s. 629. Both al-Tabari and Khalifah ibn Khayyat report that Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Hazm served as acting governor until Uthmanʼs arrival.
- ↑ Hinds 1990, ss. 202–03, 206–09; Al-Ya'qubi 1883, s. 347; McMillan 2011, ss. 104–05. According to al-Yaʼqubi, Uthman was appointed to Medina by the governor of Mecca, Khalid ibn Abdallah al-Qasri, with instructions to expel the Iraqis from Medina, while one of al-Tabari’s sources claims that he was not appointed as governor until he had completed dealing with the Iraqis and dissidents.
- ↑ Kilpatrick 2003.
- ↑ Powers 1989, ss. 3–4; Al-Ya'qubi 1883, s. 353; Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, s. 317; McMillan 2011, v. 24: pp. 110-11. According to al-Yaʼqubi, the formal charges that led to his flogging were for the consumption of wine and the leveling of an accusation against Abdallah ibn Amr ibn Uthman ibn Affan.
- ↑ Powers 1989, ss. 105–07; Al-Ya'qubi 1883, s. 375.
- ↑ Powers 1989.
- ↑ Blankinship 1994, ss. 119, 313; Al-Ya'qubi 1883, s. 378; Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, ss. 328, 330.
Adabiyotlar
tahrir- The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXIII: The Zenith of the Marwānid House: The Last Years of ʿAbd al-Malik and the Caliphate of al-Walīd, A.D. 700–715/A.H. 81–95, SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies.. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1990. ISBN 978-0-88706-721-1.
- Khalifah ibn Khayyat. Tarikh Khalifah ibn Khayyat, 3rd ed (ar). Al-Riyadh: Dar Taybah, 1985.
- Kilpatrick, Hilary. Making the Great Book of Songs: Compilation and the Author's Craft in Abu l-Faraj al-Isbahani's Kitab al-aghani. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. ISBN 978-0-203-22061-0.
- Landau-Tasseron, Ella (1993). "Murra". in Bosworth, C. E.. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume VII: Mif–Naz (2nd nashri). Leiden: E. J. Brill. 628–631 b. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5546. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2. https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/search?s.q=Murra&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&search-go=Search.
- McMillan, M.E.. The Meaning of Mecca: The Politics of Pilgrimage in Early Islam. London: Saqi, 2011. ISBN 978-0-86356-437-6.
- The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXIV: The Empire in Transition: The Caliphates of Sulaymān, ʿUmar, and Yazīd, A.D. 715–724/A.H. 96–105, SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies.. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1989. ISBN 978-0-7914-0072-2.
- Al-Ya'qubi, Ahmad ibn Abu Ya'qub. Historiae, Vol. 2 (ar). Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1883.
| Oldingisi | Madina hokimi 712/713–715 |
Keyingisi |