Varshava gettosi
Varshava gettosi (nemischa: Warschauer Ghetto , rasmiy nomi nemischa: Jüdischer Wohnbezirk in Warschau, „Varshavadagi yahudiylar turar-joy okrugi“; polyakcha: getto warszawskie) – Ikkinchi jahon urushi va Xolokost davrida natsistlar gettolari ichida eng kattasi edi. U 1940-yil noyabr oyida Germaniya hukumati tomonidan okkupatsiya qilingan Polshaning yangi umumiy hukumati hududida tashkil etilgan. Getto faoliyatining eng yuqori pallasida 460 000 ga yaqin yahudiylar 3,4 km² maydonda qamoqqa tashlangan[1]. Har bir xonaga oʻrtacha 9,2 kishi joylashtirilgan boʻlib, ular minimum miqdordagi oziq-ovqat bilan zoʻrgʻa kun kechirgan[2][3].
Varshava gettosidan yahudiylar fashistlarning konslagerlari va ommaviy qirgʻin markazlariga surgun qilingan. 1942-yili Großaktion Warschau davrida yoz davomida gettoning kamida 254 000 aholisi „Sharqga koʻchirish“ niqobi ostida Treblinka qirgʻin lageriga yuborildi[3]. 1943-yilning may oyida Varshava gettosidagi qoʻzgʻolon sabab vaqtincha deportatsiyalar toʻxtaganidan keyin nemislar tomonidan buzib tashlangan. Getto asirlari orasida jami halok boʻlganlardan kamida 300 000 kishi oʻq yoki gazdan oʻldirgan, ochlik va unga bogʻliq kasalliklar Varshava gettosi qoʻzgʻoloni va oxirgi halokat qurbonlari bilan birgalikda 92 000 kishining oʻlimiga sabab boʻlgan[4][5][6][7][8].
Manbalar tahrir
- ↑ „Warsaw“,The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum encyclopedia of camps and ghettos, 1933–1945. Bloomington, Washington, D.C.: Indiana University Press; In association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2009 — 456–460 bet. ISBN 978-0-253-35328-3.
- ↑ Bains, Alisha. World War II. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2016 — 190–200 bet. ISBN 978-1680483529.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Gutman, Israel. Resistance: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1998 — 118–119, 200 bet. ISBN 0395901308.
- ↑ Shapiro, Robert Moses. Holocaust Chronicles. Published by KTAV Publishing, 1999 — 35 bet. ISBN 0-88125-630-7. „300,000 Jews murdered by bullet or gas.[page 35]“
- ↑ Holocaust Encyclopedia. „Warsaw Ghetto Uprising“. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (2023-yil 17-aprel).
- ↑ Yad Vashem. "Treblinka Extermination Camp in the Generalgouvernement". Aktion Reinhard. http://www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205886.pdf.
- ↑ Dr. Marcin Urynowicz. "Gross Aktion – Zagłada Warszawskiego Getta" (pl). Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, 7 /7 (2007) Pp. 105–114 (Institute of National Remembrance (IPN)). Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20161220133644/http://www.ipn.gov.pl/download.php?s=49&id=29288. Qaraldi: December 11, 2016. "Likwidacja getta warszawskiego wiosną 1943 r. oznaczała natychmiastową lub chwilowo odwleczoną śmierć ok. 50 tys. osób. Tymczasem Gross Aktion, tzw. Wielka Akcja, zakończyła się wysłaniem do obozu zagłady w Treblince ok. 250 tys. osób. Zatem to lato 1942 r., a nie wiosna 1943, było okresem faktycznej likwidacji społeczności warszawskich Żydów."Varshava gettosi]]
- ↑ Statistical data compiled on the basis of „Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland“ (Wayback Machine saytida February 8, 2016, sanasida arxivlangan) by Virtual Shtetl Museum of the History of the Polish Jews (English), as well as „Getta Żydowskie“ by Gedeon (polyakcha) and „Ghetto List“ by Michael Peters at ARC.
 |