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Biznes maktabi

Biznes maktabi - bu biznes maʻmuriyati yoki menejmenti boʻyicha darajalarga olib boradigan kurslarni oʻrgatadigan oliy ta'lim muassasasi yoki kasb maktabi[2]. Biznes biznes maktab shuningdek, boshqaruv maktabi, boshqaruv maktabi, biznes maʻmuriyati maktabi, ishbilarmonlik kollejiga yoki keng tarqalgan holda biznes maktab yoki biz maktabiga ham taalluqli boʻlishi mumkin. Biznes maktabi biznes dunyosi bilan bogʻliq boʻlgan turli fanlar boʻyicha keng qamrovli taʻlimni taklif etadi.

1908-yilda tashkil etilgan Boston Harvard biznes maktabi
1819-yilda tashkil etilgan Parij ESCP biznes maktabi
1857-yilda tashkil etilgan birinchi davlat biznes maktabi bo'lgan Budapeşt biznes maktabi
Filadelfiya Wharton maktabi, 1881-yilda tashkil etilgan[1]
Sankt-Gallen universiteti, Sankt-Galend, Shveytsariya, 1898-yilda tashkil etilgan
First building of Hanken in Helsinki
1909-yilda tashkil etilgan Helsinki Hanken iqtisodiyot maktabi
1929-yilda tashkil etilgan Florida shtatining Coral Gables shahridagi Miami universiteti biznes maktabi

Turlari

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Biznes maktablarining bir nechta shakli mavjud, shu jumladan biznes, biznes maʻmuriyati va menejment maktabi kabilar.

  1. Universitetning biznes maktablarining aksariyati universitetning fakultetlari, kollejlari yoki boʻlimlaridan iborat va asosan biznes kurslarini oʻrgatadi.
  2. Shimoliy Amerika biznes maktabi koʻpincha oliy taʻlim dasturi sifatida tushuniladi va bu biznes maʻrifatining magistratura yoki bakalavr darajalarini taklif qiladi.
  3. Yevropa va Osiyoda baʻzi universitetlarda asosan biznes kurslari oʻtkaziladi.
  4. Hech qanday universitet bilan bogʻliq boʻlmagan xususiy biznes maktabi.
  5. Maʻlum bir soha yoki sohaga qaratilgan yuqori ixtisoslashtirilgan biznes maktablari.
  6. Fransiyada koʻplab biznes maktablari davlat-xususiy sheriklik (Ecole consulaire yoki EESC) hisoblanadi. Ushbu maktablar Grandes Ecoles konferensiyasi tanlangan biznesda akkreditatsiya qilingan bakalavr va magistr darajalarini taklif qiladi va hech qanday universitet bilan faqat loʻzgʻor aloqalari yoki hech qanday aloqalari yoʻq.

Andreas Kaplan biznes maktablarini toʻrt burchak boʻylab tasniflaydi[3].

  1. Madaniyat (Avropa - AQSh): Biznes maktablarini ularning haqiqiy (fizik) joylashuviga qaramasdan, ular Evropa yoki AQSh modelini qoʻllab-quvvatlashiga qarab sinflash mumkin.
  2. Kompas (xalqaro/jahon - mintaqaviy/ Mahalliy): Biznes maktablarini bir tomonda xalqaro/jahon maktablari, boshqa tomonda mintaqaviy/mahalliy maktablar bilan davom ettirib, sinflarga ajratish mumkin.
  3. Kapital (davlat - xususiy): Biznes maktablari davlat tomonidan (davlat) moliyalashtiriladigan yoki xususiy moliyalashtirilayotgan boʻlishi mumkin, masalan, sovgʻalar yoki oʻquv haqi orqali.
  4. Mundarija (oʻqitish - tadqiqot): Ishbilarmonlik maktabi oʻquv yoki tadqiqot oʻquvining asosiy eʻtiborini egallashiga qarab tasniflanishi mumkin.

Tanishuvchan birinchilari

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Birinchi biznes maktablari Evropada oʻn sakkizinchi asrda paydo boʻldi va oʻn toʻqqizinchi asr boshidan koʻpaydi.

  • 1759 – The Aula do Comércio in Lisbon is founded as the world's first institution specialising in the teaching of accounting[4]. It provided a model for development of similar government-sponsored schools across Europe, and closed in 1844[4][5].
  • 1819 – The oldest business school still in existence today, ESCP Business School, is established as "Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Paris", in Paris, France. Initially, a private school, it became a family firm from 1830 to 1869[6][7].
  • 1852 – The Belgian Higher Institute of Commerce founded in Antwerp is established as the first state-funded business school and the first business school in Belgium[8].
  • 1857 – Budapest Business School was founded in Budapest in Austria-Hungary as the first business school in Central Europe[9].
  • 1868 – The Ca' Foscari University was founded in Venice as the first business school in Italy[8].
  • 1881 – The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania is founded as the United States' first business school[10][11].
  • 1898 – The Haas School of Business is established as the College of Commerce of the University of California, becoming the first public business school in the US[12][13].
  • 1898 – Handelshochschule Leipzig, today HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management, founded as the first business school in Germany, and the oldest in German speaking regions[14][8].
  • 1898 – The University of St. Gallen established as the first university in Switzerland teaching business and economics[15].
  • 1900 – The first graduate school of business in the United States, the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College, was founded. The school conferred the first advanced degree in business, specifically, a Master of Science in Commercial Sciences, a predecessor of the MBA[11].
  • 1902 – The University of Birmingham opens its School of Commerce, the first school dedicated to business in the UK, and establishes the first Bachelor of Commerce degrees[16].
  • 1906 – The Warsaw School of Economics (SGH) was established as the first university in Poland dedicated to teaching commerce and economics[17].
  • 1907 – HEC Montréal is founded in Montreal, being the first School of Management [oydinlashtirilsin] in Canada.[manba kerak][citation needed]
  • 1908 – Harvard Business School founded at Harvard University and becomes the first program in the world to offer the Master of Business Administration degree[18].
  • 1909 – Stockholm School of Economics was founded on the initiative of the Swedish business sector and is the oldest business school in Sweden[8].
  • 1919 – Babson College was the first business school founded to focus solely on entrepreneurship. Every graduate receives a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration.[manba kerak][citation needed]
  • 1921 – Shanghai University of Commerce established as the first business school in China[18].
  • 1926 – First postgraduate business courses in the United Kingdom offered at the Manchester College of Technology[19].
  • 1936 – The Norwegian School of Economics (NHH) founded as the first business school in Norway[20].
  • 1943 – The first executive MBA programme is launched at the Booth School of Business, University of Chicago[11].
  • 1946 – The Thunderbird School of Global Management, then called the American Institute for Foreign Trade, founded as the first graduate management school focused exclusively on global business[21][22][11].
  • 1948 – The first MBA programme outside of the US is established in Canada at the Richard Ivey School of Business, University of Western Ontario[11].
  • 1949 – The University of Pretoria in South Africa founded the oldest business school in Africa (now the Gordon Institute of Business Science)[23][24], and launches the first MBA course outside of North America[11].
  • 1949 – XLRI – India's oldest business management school is founded.
  • 1953 – IISWBM is the first institute in India to offer an MBA degree.
  • 1955 – The Institute of Business Administers at the University of Karachi launches the first MBA in Asia[11].
  • 1957 – INSEAD in France starts the first MBA in Europe and pioneers the one-year MBA[18].
  • 1963 – ESAN University Graduate School of Business in Lima, Peru was the first Graduate Business School founded in Latin America. It was established under an agreement between the Government of the United States, Stanford Graduate School of Business and the Government of Peru.
  • 1963 – First MBA in Australia established by Melbourne Business School[11].
  • 1965 – Following the 1963 Franks Report, the first business schools are established in UK universities[25], including Manchester[26] and Durham[27][28].
  • 1966 – London Business School and the University of Strathclyde open the first MBA programs in the UK. Strathclyde is the first British university to offer the 1-year MBAs that will become standard in the UK[19][29].
  • 1991 – The IEDC-Bled School of Management was the first business school to offer an MBA program in Eastern Europe[30].
  • 2015 – Asia School of Business based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia[31] offered the first Master in Central Banking (MCB) degree[32]. It is a collaboration between MIT Sloan School of Management and Bank Negara Malaysia[33].

Darajalari

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AQSh

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AQShda biznesda keng tarqalgan darajalar quyidagilardir:

  • Asosat darajalari: Qoʻllanilgan biznes (AAB), biznes maʻmuriyati (ABA) assotsiati[34];
  • bakalavr darajalari: biznes bakalavr (BB), biznes maʻmuriyati bakalavr (BBA), biznes fan bakalavr (BSB)[35];
  • Magistratura darajalari: Muhokama magistraturalari (MAcc), Biznes maʻmuriyati magistraturalarini (MBA), Biznes Maʻmuriyatida fan magistraturalariga (MSBA), Biznis maʻmuriy taʻminotining ijro etuvchi magistraturalarining (EMBA), Muhandislik Boshqaruv magistratura fan magistraturasining (MSEMgt), Sogʻliqni saqlash maʻmuriyati magistraturasida (MHCA), Sogʻlik xizmatlarini boshqarish magistraturalaridan (MHSA), Sogʻliqni saqlash maʻmuriyati (MSHA), Sog'lig'lik maʻmurinati magistraturalar (MSHCA), Mehmonxona maʻmuriyati magistraturasidagi (MHM), Xalqaro biznes (MIB), Xalqaro tadbirkorlik maʻmurati (MIBA), Ishlab chiqarish maʻmuriyati magistratura (MMM), Professional buxgalteriya (MMPA), Mehmonlik va turizm (MTMTM) magistratura maʻmuriyatlari (MMSM), Mehmonchilik va turizm (MSMTM) magitaturalari (MTM[36].
  • Tadqiqot doktorlari: Biznes maʻmuriyati doktori (DBA)[37].

Biznes boʻyicha bitiruvchilar general ravishda ilmiy bakalavr (BS), ilmiy magistratura (MS) yoki falsafa doktori (PhD) kabi darajalarga ega boʻlishi mumkin.

Yevropa

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Yevropada oliy ta’lim darajalari xalqaro harakatchanlikni osonlashtirish maqsadida Boloniya jarayoni bo‘yicha uchta davrga ajratiladi: bakalavr, magistr va [[doktorlik] ]s. Darajalarning tashkil etilishi tafsilotlari mamlakatlar va muassasalar orasida farq qiladi, ammo ECTS kreditlari boʻyicha, bu erda 60 kredit toʻliq oʻquv yili ishini ifodalaydi, bakalavr darajasi odatda 180–240 kredit va magistr darajasi 90–120 kreditni talab qiladi. kreditlar[38].

Fransiya

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Fransiyada bu oʻquv darajalari turli xil «parcours» yoki UE (unités d'enseignement yoki modullar) asosidagi yoʻllarni oʻz ichiga oladi, ularning har biri maʻlum miqdordagi ECTS kreditiga teng. Grande école biznes maktablari oʻta raqobatbardosh jarayon orqali talabalarni qabul qiladigan elita akademik muassasalardir va PGE (grande école dasturi) boshqaruv magistri (MiM) bilan tugaydi[39][40][41].

Keys tadqiqotlari

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Baʻzi biznes maktablari oʻz taʻlimlarini amaliy tadqiqotlar (masalan, keys usuli) asosida tuzadi. Magistratura va bakalavriat biznes taʻlimida amaliy tadqiqotlar qariyb yuz yil davomida qoʻllanilgan. Biznes holatlari haqiqiy biznes vaziyatlarning tarixiy tavsifidir. Odatda biznes firmasining mahsulotlari, bozorlari, raqobati, moliyaviy tuzilmasi, sotish hajmi, boshqaruvi, xodimlari va firma muvaffaqiyatiga ta’sir etuvchi boshqa omillar haqida ma’lumotlar taqdim etiladi. Biznes-keys tadqiqotining uzunligi ikki yoki uch sahifadan 30 sahifagacha yoki undan koʻp boʻlishi mumkin.

Talabalar amaliy tadqiqotlarni sinchkovlik bilan koʻrib chiqishlari va firma kelajakda foydalanishi kerak boʻlgan strategiya va taktikalarni muhokama qilishga tayyorlanishlari kutilmoqda. Biznesni o'qitishda uch xil usul qoʻllaniladi:

  1. Talaba tomonidan javob berish uchun maxsus savollarni tayyorlash. Bu bakalavriat talabalari uchun mo'ljallangan qisqa holatlarda qoʻllaniladi. Asosiy tushuncha shundan iboratki, bunday talabalar amaliy ishlarni tahlil qila olishlari uchun maxsus koʻrsatmalarga muhtoj.
  2. Muammoni hal qilish tahlili Garvard Biznes maktabi tomonidan boshlangan ikkinchi usul boʻlib, MBA va boshqaruvchi kadrlarni rivojlantirish dasturlarida hozirgacha eng koʻp qoʻllaniladigan usul hisoblanadi. Asosiy tushuncha shundan iboratki, yetarlicha amaliyot (yuzlab vaziyatlarni tahlil qilish) bilan talabalar murakkab biznes vaziyatlarni tahlil qilish va hal qilish uchun intuitiv ko'nikmalarni rivojlantiradi. Ushbu usulni muvaffaqiyatli amalga oshirish koʻp jihatdan muhokama rahbarining mahoratiga bogʻliq.
  3. Umumiy qoʻllaniladigan strategik rejalashtirish yondashuvi. Bu uchinchi usul talabalardan yuzlab holatlarni tahlil qilishni talab qilmaydi. Strategik rejalashtirish modeli taqdim etiladi va talabalarga modelning bosqichlarini bir semestr davomida oltita va o'nlab holatlarga qoʻllash koʻrsatma beriladi. Bu ularning murakkab vaziyatni tahlil qilish, turli xil strategiyalarni ishlab chiqish va eng yaxshisini tanlash qobiliyatini rivojlantirish uchun etarli. Darhaqiqat, talabalar amaliy vaziyatlarni va real vaziyatlarni tahlil qilish uchun umumiy qoʻllaniladigan yondashuvni o'rganadi[42]. Bu yondashuv hech qanday favqulodda talablar qoʻymaydi. Oʻqituvchining badiiy va dramatik isteʻdodlari. Binobarin, koʻpchilik professor-oʻqituvchilar ushbu usulning qoʻllanilishini nazorat qilishga qodir.

Biznes holatlari tarixi

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Garvard Biznes maktabi 1908-yilda ish boshlaganida, fakultet biznesda magistratura dasturi uchun mos darsliklar yoʻqligini tushundi[43]. Bu muammoni hal qilishda ularning birinchi yechimi biznesning etakchi amaliyotchilari bilan suhbatlashish va bu menejerlar nima qilayotgani haqida batafsil hisobot yozish edi. Qisman Garvard yuridik maktabida qoʻllanilayotgan ish uslubiga asoslangan. Albatta, professorlar bu holatlarni taqlid qilinadigan amaliyot sifatida taqdim eta olmadilar, chunki nima muvaffaqiyatli va nima muvaffaqiyat qozonmasligini aniqlash uchun hech qanday mezonlar mavjud emas edi. Shunday qilib, professorlar o'z talabalariga ishlarni o'qishni va ishlarni muhokama qilish va tegishli harakat yoʻnalishlari boʻyicha tavsiyalar berish uchun sinfga tayyorlanishni buyurdi. Ushbu usulning asosiy konturlari hali ham biznes-maktab oʻquv dasturlarida amal qiladi.

Manbalar

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  1. ↑ „Best Business Schools“. U.S. News & World Report (2017-yil 13-mart).
  2. ↑ Kaplan, Andreas (2018). "Andreas Kaplan: A school is "a building that has four walls…with tomorrow inside": Toward the reinvention of the business school". Business Horizons 61: 599–608. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2018.03.010. 
  3. ↑ Kaplan, Andreas (2018). "Andreas Kaplan: A school is "a building that has four walls…with tomorrow inside": Toward the reinvention of the business school". Business Horizons 61: 599–608. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2018.03.010. Kaplan, Andreas (2018). "Andreas Kaplan: A school is "a building that has four walls…with tomorrow inside": Toward the reinvention of the business school". Business Horizons. 61: 599–608. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2018.03.010. S2CID 158794290.
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Rodrigues. „Aula do Comércio (1759-1844): Primeiro Estabelecimento Governamental de Ensino de Contabilidade“ (pt). Ordem dos Técnicos Oficiais de Contas. 2022-yil 10-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 9-aprel.
  5. ↑ „Business Schools and business programs - Graduate International“. 2012-yil 10-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 7-avgust.
  6. ↑ „Who invented the Business School?“ (en). www.businessbecause.com (2010-yil 1-iyun). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 11-avgust.
  7. ↑ „Jean-Baptiste Say Institute | ESCP“ (en). www.escp.eu. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 11-avgust.
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 Kaplan, Andreas M (2014). "European Management and European Business Schools: Insights from the History of Business Schools". European Management Journal 32 (4): 529–534. doi:10.1016/j.emj.2014.03.006. 
  9. ↑ „BBS History“. 2016-yil 28-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2016-yil 9-fevral.
  10. ↑ „Wharton History“. The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 3-iyun.
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 11,5 11,6 11,7 Tim Dhoul. „An International MBA History I: From US Origins to Journeys Overseas“. Top MBA. QS Quacquarelli Symonds (2016-yil 11-fevral). Qaraldi: 2023-yil 12-sentyabr.
  12. ↑ „Haas School of Business“. Haas School of Business. 2016-yil 14-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2016-yil 4-mart.
  13. ↑ „History of Haas“. Haas School of Business. 2016-yil 6-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2016-yil 4-mart.
  14. ↑ „HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management“. 2018-yil 15-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 19-dekabr.
  15. ↑ „Definition: Betriebswirtschaftlehre (BWL)“ (de). Gabler Wirtschaftslexikon. 2013-yil 20-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 10-iyun.
  16. ↑ „Birmingham Business School“. The Independent (2010-yil 12-dekabr). 2021-yil 14-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 25-avgust.
  17. ↑ „History of the School“. SGH. 2012-yil 22-iyulda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 8-avgust.
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 „History of the MBA MBA Friday Facts“. www.topmba.com (2013-yil 22-avgust). 2014-yil 4-iyunda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 27-may.
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 Lock, Andrew R. (March 1996). "The Future of the MBA in the UK". Higher Education 31 (2): 165–185. doi:10.1007/BF02390443. 
  20. ↑ „The growth and development of NHH“. www.nhh.no. 2014-yil 12-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 1-avgust.
  21. ↑ Gonzales, Angela. „Thunderbird school changes name as it seizes new opportunities – Phoenix Business Journal“. Phoenix.bizjournals.com (2007-yil 5-fevral). Qaraldi: 2012-yil 22-mart.
  22. ↑ „Thunderbird history showcased through Arizona Memory Project – Thunderbird School of Global Management“. Thunderbird.edu. 2012-yil 14-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 22-mart.
  23. ↑ „Wits Business School“. MBA.co.za. 2007-yil 9-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 22-mart.
  24. ↑ „Gordon Institute of Business Science“. GIBS. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 9-noyabr.
  25. ↑ Chris Ivory; Peter Miskell; Helen Shipton; Andrew White; Kathrin Moeslein; Andy Neely (2006). UK Business Schools: Historical Contexts and Future Scenarios (Report). Advanced Institute of Management Research. p. 6. Archived from the original on 2023-10-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20231014021922/https://www.bl.uk/britishlibrary/~/media/bl/global/business-and-management/pdfs/non-secure/u/k/b/uk-business-schools-historical-contexts-and-future-scenarios.pdf. Qaraldi: 2023-09-23. 
  26. ↑ „Manchester Business School Archive“. Archive Hub. Jisc. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 31-avgust.
  27. ↑ „Education“. New University. 3–4-jild. 1969. 14-bet. Qaraldi: 25 September 2023.
  28. ↑ „Durham“. The Manager. 33-jild. 1965. 61, 69, 87-bet. Qaraldi: 25 September 2023.
  29. ↑ „About the MBA & General Management Unit“. Strathclyde Business School. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 2-sentyabr.
  30. ↑ „IEDC – Bled School of Management“. The Independent (2010-yil 21-dekabr). 2017-yil 6-iyulda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 25-avgust.
  31. ↑ Symonds, Matt. „A Remarkable Learning Journey Leads To Asia For The Post-GPT MBA“. Forbes (2023-yil 20-aprel). Qaraldi: 2024-yil 15-aprel.
  32. ↑ „MIT Sloan and Asia School of Business collaborate on Master of Central Banking program“. PR Newswire (2021-yil 9-noyabr). Qaraldi: 2024-yil 15-aprel.
  33. ↑ „Bank Negara, MIT Sloan to set up business school in KL“. The Star (2015-yil 9-aprel). Qaraldi: 2024-yil 15-aprel.
  34. ↑ „Associate degrees“. Structure of U.S. Education. United States Department of Education. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 12-sentyabr.
  35. ↑ „Bachelor's degrees“. Structure of U.S. Education. United States Department of Education. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 12-sentyabr.
  36. ↑ „Master's degrees“. Structure of U.S. Education. United States Department of Education. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 12-sentyabr.
  37. ↑ „Research doctorate degrees“. Structure of U.S. Education. United States Department of Education. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 12-sentyabr.
  38. ↑ accumulation-system „Yevropa kredit oʻtkazish va jamgʻarish tizimi (ECTS)“. Yevropa komissiyasi. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 12-sentabr.
  39. ↑ „Fransiyaning ta'lim elitasi“. Daily Telegraph (17-noyabr 2003 yil). Qaraldi: 5 2019-yil fevral.
  40. ↑ Pierre Bourdieu. com/books?id=do9o-jIrzXgC&pg=PA133 Davlat zodagonlari: hokimiyat sohasidagi elita maktablari. ISBN 9780804733465. 
  41. ↑ [https:// www.mbacrystalball.com/blog/2019/04/19/grand-ecoles-france/ „Fransiyadagi eng yaxshi Grandes Écoles: Reyting, xarajatlar, ishga joylashtirish va boshqalar“] (19-aprel, 2019-yil).
  42. ↑ „1.2-bob. Strategik rejalashtirish, holatlarni tahlil qilish va qaror qabul qilish modeli“. Mbatoolbox.org (2006-yil 22-fevral). 2012-yil 4-fevralda asl nusxadan web/20120204141117/http://www.mbatoolbox.org/stories/storyReader$19 arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 22-mart.
  43. ↑ Yumlembam, Dayananda. sms „MICA innovation to Garvard biznes maktabi o'qitish vositalarini keskinlashtirishga yordam bering“. „Garvard Biznes Maktabi ochilganda, uning professor-o'qituvchilari biznes bo'yicha magistratura dasturiga mos keladigan darsliklar yo'qligini tushunishdi. O'shanda ular menejerlar amal qiladigan innovatsion usullar va amaliyotlarning batafsil hisoblari bo'lgan amaliy tadqiqotlardan foydalanishga qaror qilishdi.“. 
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