Wernher von Braun

Wernher von Braun
Tavalludi	Wernher Magnus Maximilian, Freiherr von Braun; 23-mart 1912-yil; Wirsitz, Posen, Prussia, German Empire
Vafoti	16-iyun 1977-yil ; (65 yoshda); Alexandria, Virginia, U. S.
Fuqaroligi	Uchinchi reyx, AQSh, Germaniya imperiyasi, Veymar Respublikasi va Germaniya Federativ Respublikasi
Kasbi	Rocket engineer and designer, aerospace project manager
Partiyasi	Nazi Party (1937—1945)
Turmush oʻrtogʻi	Maria Luise von Quistorp (turm. 1947)
Bolalari	3, including Margrit von Braun
Otasi	Magnus von Braun
Onasi	Emmy von Braun
Mukofotlari	President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service (1959); Elliott Cresson Medal (1962); Wilhelm Exner Medal (1969); National Medal of Science (1975);
Imzosi

Vernher Magnus Maksimilian Freyherr fon Braun (1912-yil 23-mart — 1977-yil 16-iyun) nemis-amerikalik aerokosmik muhandis^[3] va kosmik arxitektor edi. U natsistlar partiyasi va Allgemeine SS aʼzosi, shuningdek, fashistlar Germaniyasida raketa texnologiyasini rivojlantirish boʻyicha yetakchi shaxs va AQShda raketa va kosmik texnologiyalarning kashshofi edi^[4].

1960-yilda uning guruhi NASAga assimilyatsiya qilindi, u yerda u yangi tashkil etilgan Marshall kosmik parvozlar markazi direktori va Apollon kosmik kemasini Oyga olib borgan Saturn V super ogʻir yuk koʻtaruvchi raketaning bosh meʼmori boʻlib ishladi^[5]^[6]. 1967-yilda fon Braun Milliy muhandislik akademiyasiga qabul qilindi va 1975-yilda u Milliy fan medaliga sazovor boʻldi.

Yoshligi

Vernxer fon Braun 1912-yil 23-martda Prussiya Qirolligi, oʻsha paytda Germaniya imperiyasi, hozir esa Polshaning Posen provinsiyasidagi Virsits kichik shaharchasida tugʻilgan^[7].

Uning otasi Magnus Freyherr fon Braun (1878—1972) davlat xizmatchisi va konservativ siyosatchi edi; Veymar respublikasi davrida federal hukumatda qishloq xoʻjaligi vaziri boʻlib ishlagan. Uning onasi Emmi fon Quistorp (1886—1959) oʻzining ota-onasi orqali ota-onasi orqali oʻrta asrlardagi Yevropa qirolligigacha boʻlgan va fransuz Filipp III, daniyalik Valdemar I, shotlandiyalik Robert III va angliyalik Edvard III avlodlaridan boʻlgan.^[8] Vernherning 1970-yillarda Tashqi ishlar vazirligida Davlat kotibi boʻlib ishlagan gʻarbiy nemis diplomati Sigismund fon Braun va ukasi Magnus fon Braun bor edi, u raketa olimi, keyinchalik Chrysler kompaniyasida yuqori lavozimli rahbar boʻlgan^[9].

Oila 1915-yilda Berlinga, Brandenburgga koʻchib oʻtdi, u yerda otasi Ichki ishlar vazirligida ishlagan. Vernxerning tasdigʻidan soʻng onasi unga teleskop berdi va u astronomiyaga ishtiyoqini oshirdi^[10]. Von Braun yoshligida violonchel va pianino chalishni oʻrgangan va bir paytlar bastakor boʻlishni xohlagan. U bastakor Pol Hindemitdan saboq oldi. Mavjud Vernherning yoshlik kompozitsiyalarining bir nechta qismlari Hindemit uslubini eslatadi^[11]^:11.U Betxoven va Baxning pianino asarlarini xotiradan chalishi mumkin edi. 1925-yildan boshlab Vernxer Tyuringiyaning Erkin shtati Veymar yaqinidagi Ettersburg qal’asidagi internat maktabida oʻqidi, u yerda fizika va matematika fanlarini yaxshi oʻzlashtira olmadi. U yerda u raketa kashshofi Hermann Obertning Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen (1923, By Rocket into Planetary Space) nusxasini sotib oldi. 1928-yilda ota-onasi uni Sharqiy Friziya Shimoliy dengizidagi Spiekeroog orolidagi Hermann-Lietz-Internatga (shuningdek turar joy maktabi) koʻchirishdi. Kosmosga sayohat har doim Vernxerni hayratda qoldirgan va shu vaqtdan boshlab u raketa muhandisligiga qiziqishini davom ettirish uchun fizika va matematika bilan shugʻullangan^[12].

Germaniyada martaba

1930-yilda fon Braun Auguste Piccard tomonidan taqdimotda qatnashdi. Suhbatdan soʻng, yosh talaba baland balandlikda havo sxarida parvoz qilishning mashhur kashshofining oldiga bordi va unga shunday dedi: „Bilasizmi, men qachondir Oyga sayohat qilishni rejalashtirmoqdaman“. Pikkar dalda beruvchi soʻzlar bilan javob bergani aytiladi.

Manbalar

↑ (unspecified title)
↑ Editor, ÖGV. (2015). Wilhelm Exner Medal. Austrian Trade Association. ÖGV. Austria.
↑ Neufeld, Michael. Von Braun: Dreamer of Space, Engineer of War, First, Vintage Books, 2008 — xv-bet. „Although Wernher von Braun got a doctorate in physics in 1934, he never worked a day in his life thereafter as a scientist. He was an engineer and a manager of engineers, and he used that vocabulary when he was talking to his professional peers.“
↑ Wernher von Braun: History’s Most Controversial Figure?, Al Jazeera
↑ „SP-4206 Stages to Saturn, Chapter 9“. history.nasa.gov. Qaraldi: 8-mart 2015-yil.
↑ „Biography of Wernher von Braun“. MSFC History Office. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. 2002-yil 11-iyunda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
↑ Magill, Frank N.. The 20th Century A–GI. Dictionary of World Biography. New York: Routledge, 2013 — 440-bet. ISBN 9781136593345.
↑ „Dr. Wernher von Braunʼi mälestuseks“, Füüsikainstituut. Retrieved 4 February 2011
↑ Spires, Shelby G.. Von Braun's brother dies; aided surrender. The Huntsville Times (27-iyun 2003-yil), s. 1A. „Magnus von Braun, the brother of rocket pioneer Wernher von Braun who worked in Huntsville from 1950–1955, died Saturday in Phoenix, Ariz. He was 84. Though not as famous as his older brother, who died in 1977, Magnus von Braun made the first contact with U.S. Army troops to arrange the German rocket team's surrender at the end of World War II.“.
↑ Magnus Freiherr von Braun, Von Ostpreußen bis Texas. Erlebnisse und zeitgeschichtliche Betrachtungen eines Ostdeutschen. Stollhamm 1955
↑ Ward, Bob. Dr. Space: The Life of Wernher von Braun, 2005. ISBN 978-1-591-14926-2.
↑ Biddle, Wayne. Dark Side of the Moon: Wernher Von Braun, the Third Reich, and the Space Race (inglizcha). W.W. Norton, 2009. ISBN 978-0-393-05910-6. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 10-yanvar.

[[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/chasing-moon-wernher-von-braun-and-nazis/_&#039;&#039;(unspecified_title)&#039;&#039;]-1] (unspecified title)

[Editor_2015-2] Editor, ÖGV. (2015). Wilhelm Exner Medal. Austrian Trade Association. ÖGV. Austria.

[3] Neufeld, Michael. Von Braun: Dreamer of Space, Engineer of War, First, Vintage Books, 2008 — xv-bet. „Although Wernher von Braun got a doctorate in physics in 1934, he never worked a day in his life thereafter as a scientist. He was an engineer and a manager of engineers, and he used that vocabulary when he was talking to his professional peers.“

[4] Wernher von Braun: History’s Most Controversial Figure?, Al Jazeera

[5] „SP-4206 Stages to Saturn, Chapter 9“. history.nasa.gov. Qaraldi: 8-mart 2015-yil.

[NASAMSFC-6] „Biography of Wernher von Braun“. MSFC History Office. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. 2002-yil 11-iyunda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.

[7] Magill, Frank N.. The 20th Century A–GI. Dictionary of World Biography. New York: Routledge, 2013 — 440-bet. ISBN 9781136593345.

[8] „Dr. Wernher von Braunʼi mälestuseks“, Füüsikainstituut. Retrieved 4 February 2011

[mag8-9] Spires, Shelby G.. Von Braun's brother dies; aided surrender. The Huntsville Times (27-iyun 2003-yil), s. 1A. „Magnus von Braun, the brother of rocket pioneer Wernher von Braun who worked in Huntsville from 1950–1955, died Saturday in Phoenix, Ariz. He was 84. Though not as famous as his older brother, who died in 1977, Magnus von Braun made the first contact with U.S. Army troops to arrange the German rocket team's surrender at the end of World War II.“.

[10] Magnus Freiherr von Braun, Von Ostpreußen bis Texas. Erlebnisse und zeitgeschichtliche Betrachtungen eines Ostdeutschen. Stollhamm 1955

[Ward_2005-11] Ward, Bob. Dr. Space: The Life of Wernher von Braun, 2005. ISBN 978-1-591-14926-2.

[12] Biddle, Wayne. Dark Side of the Moon: Wernher Von Braun, the Third Reich, and the Space Race (inglizcha). W.W. Norton, 2009. ISBN 978-0-393-05910-6. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 10-yanvar.

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