Akbar maqbarasi

Akbarning qabri — Boburiy imperatori Akbarning qabri. 1605—1613-yillarda oʻgʻli Jahongir tomonidan qurilgan. Maqbara Hindistonning Uttar-Pradesh shtati Agra shahri chekkasidagi Sikandra shahridagi 119 gektar maydonda joylashgan.

Joylashuvi

Maqbara Sikandrada, Agra chekkasida, Mathura yoʻlida (NH2), shahar markazidan 8 km shimoli-gʻarbiy-gʻarb tomonda joylashgan. Akbar vafotidan soʻng qabri atrofida katta bogʻ barpo qilgan^[1]^[2] va keyinchalik oʻgʻli Jahongir tomonidan dafn etilgan sevimli rafiqasi Maryam-uz-Zamoniy qabri ham ushbu maqbara yaqinidadir.

Tarixi

Maqbara ichidagi Akbarning qabri, urf-odatlarga koʻra uning ostida haqiqiy qabr joylashgan.

Akbar vafotidan keyin uning o‘g‘li Jahongir 1605—1613-yillarda otasining qabrini qurishni rejalashtirib, uni tugallaydi. Maqbarani qurish uchun 1 500 000 rupiy sarflangan va qurilish ishlari 3 yoki 4 yil davom etgan^[3]. Maram-uz-Zamoniy eri Akbar vafotidan keyin qabri atrofiga katta bog‘ barpo ettirgan^[4].

Avrangzeb hukmronligi davrida Raja Ram Jat boshchiligidgi jatlar qoʻzgʻolon koʻtardi. Jatlar Akbarning qabrini talab, oltin, taqinchoqlar, kumush va gilamlarni talon-taroj qilishadi. Bu bilan Boburiylarning obroʻ-eʼtiboriga zarba beriladi^[5]. Qabr ochilib, marhum podshohning suyaklari yoqib yuborilgan^[6]^[7].

Hindiston vitse-qiroli George Curzon Akbar maqbarasidab1905-yilga qadar davom etgan keng qamrovli taʼmirlash va restavratsiya ishlarini boshqargan. Curzon 1904-yilda Qadimgi yodgorliklarni muhofaza qilish toʻgʻrisidagi qonun qabul qilinishi munosabati bilan Agra shahridagi maqbara va boshqa tarixiy binolarni restavratsiya qilishni muhokama qilib, loyihani „oʻtmishga hurmat va kelajak uchun qayta tiklangan goʻzallik sovgʻasi“ deb taʼriflagan. Ushbu muhofaza loyihasi ziyoratchilar va yaqin atrofda istiqomat qiluvchilarning maqbaraga boʻlgan hurmatini yoʻqotgan boʻlishi mumkin^[8].

Arxitekturasi

Akbar qabrining yon tomoni

Janubdagi darvoza eng kattasi boʻlib, toʻrtta oq marmar chhatri minoralari bilan oʻralgan. Ushbu minoralar Toj Mahal minoralariga oʻxshash (ammo undan oldin qurilgan) va qabrga kirish qism vazifasini bajaradi. Qabrning oʻzi 105 m² devor bilan oʻralgan. Qabr binosi toʻrt qavatli piramida boʻlib, uning ustiga soxta qabr joylashgan marmar ayvon qurilgan. Haqiqiy qabr, boshqa maqbaralardagi kabi, yerto‘lada joylashgan^[9]. Binolar asosan oq marmar bilan boyitilgan quyuq qizil qumtoshdan qurilgan. Ushbu materiallar bilan bezatilgan naqshinkor panellar va qora cherepitsalar qabr hamda asosiy darvozani bezatishda ishlatilgan. Panel dizaynlari geometrik, gulli va kalligrafik boʻlib, keyinchalik Itmad-ud-Daula qabrida ishlatilgan murakkab va nozik dizayn uslublari ham aynan shu maqbaraga taqlid qilingan.

Yana qarang

Akbar
Akbarnoma
Jahongir maqbarasi, Akbar vorisi qabri
Humoyun maqbarasi, Akbar otasining qabri
Bagʻi Bobur, Akbar bobosining qabri

Adabiyotlar

Keene, Henry George „Sikandra“, . A Handbook for Visitors to Agra and Its Neighbourhood, 6, Thacker, Spink & Co., 1899 — 43-bet.
Havell, Ernest Binfield „Sikandra“, . A Handbook to Agra and the Taj, Sikandra, Fatehpur-Sikri, and the Neighbourhood. Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1904.

Manbalar

↑ Aziz, Al. Selections from the Native Newspapers Published in the United Provinces of Agra & Oudh., 12 August 1905 — 262-bet.
↑ Hindu Shah, Muhammad Qasim. Gulshan-I-Ibrahimi, 1595–1612 — 143-bet. „Akbur, after this conquest, made a pilgrimage to Khwaja Moyin-ood-Deen Chishty at Ajmere and returned to Agra; from whence he proceeded to visit the venerable Sheikh Sulim Chishty, in the village of Seekry. As all the king's children had hitherto died, he solicited the Sheikh's prayers, who consoled him, by assuring him he would soon have a son, who would live to a good old age. Shortly after, his favourite sooltana, being then pregnant, on Wednesday the 17th of Rubbee-ool-Awul, in the year 997 was delivered of a son, who was called Sulim.“
↑ „The Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri; or, Memoirs of Jahangir. Translated by Alexander Rogers. Edited by Henry Beveridge“.
↑ Aziz, Al. Selections from the Native Newspapers Published in the United Provinces of Agra & Oudh., 12 August 1905 — 262-bet. Aziz, Al (12 August 1905). Selections from the Native Newspapers Published in the United Provinces of Agra & Oudh. p. 262. JSTOR saoa.crl.25922623.
↑ Catherine Blanshard Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard Asher, 1992, „Architecture of Mughal India — Part 1“, Cambridge University Press, Volume 4, Page 108.
↑ Edward James Rap; son, Sir Wolseley Haig and Sir Richard, 1937, „The Cambridge History of India“, Cambridge University Press, Volume 4, pp.305.
↑ Waldemar Hansen, 1986, „The Peacock Throne: The Drama of Mogul India“, Page 454.
↑ Rajagopalan, Mrinalini. „From loot to trophy: the vexed history of architectural heritage in imperial India“. International Institute for Asian Studies (summer 2011). Qaraldi: 2019-yil 3-yanvar.
↑ „Fascinating monuments, timeless tales“. The Hindu (2003-yil 22-sentyabr). 2003-yil 29-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.

Havolalar

ASI ning Akbar qabridagi sahifasi

[Al_Aziz-1] Aziz, Al. Selections from the Native Newspapers Published in the United Provinces of Agra & Oudh., 12 August 1905 — 262-bet.

[farishta-2] Hindu Shah, Muhammad Qasim. Gulshan-I-Ibrahimi, 1595–1612 — 143-bet. „Akbur, after this conquest, made a pilgrimage to Khwaja Moyin-ood-Deen Chishty at Ajmere and returned to Agra; from whence he proceeded to visit the venerable Sheikh Sulim Chishty, in the village of Seekry. As all the king's children had hitherto died, he solicited the Sheikh's prayers, who consoled him, by assuring him he would soon have a son, who would live to a good old age. Shortly after, his favourite sooltana, being then pregnant, on Wednesday the 17th of Rubbee-ool-Awul, in the year 997 was delivered of a son, who was called Sulim.“

[3] „The Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri; or, Memoirs of Jahangir. Translated by Alexander Rogers. Edited by Henry Beveridge“.

[Alaziz-4] Aziz, Al. Selections from the Native Newspapers Published in the United Provinces of Agra & Oudh., 12 August 1905 — 262-bet. Aziz, Al (12 August 1905). Selections from the Native Newspapers Published in the United Provinces of Agra & Oudh. p. 262. JSTOR saoa.crl.25922623.

[jats4-5] Catherine Blanshard Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard Asher, 1992, „Architecture of Mughal India — Part 1“, Cambridge University Press, Volume 4, Page 108.

[jats1-6] Edward James Rap; son, Sir Wolseley Haig and Sir Richard, 1937, „The Cambridge History of India“, Cambridge University Press, Volume 4, pp.305.

[jats2-7] Waldemar Hansen, 1986, „The Peacock Throne: The Drama of Mogul India“, Page 454.

[loottotrophy-8] Rajagopalan, Mrinalini. „From loot to trophy: the vexed history of architectural heritage in imperial India“. International Institute for Asian Studies (summer 2011). Qaraldi: 2019-yil 3-yanvar.

[9] „Fascinating monuments, timeless tales“. The Hindu (2003-yil 22-sentyabr). 2003-yil 29-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.

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