Amr ibn al-Os

Abu Abdulloh Amr ibn al-As-Sahmi al-Qurashiy (arabcha: عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ بْنِ وَائِل السَّهْمِي; 577-yil, Makka, Hijoz – 664-yil 6-yanvar, Fustat, Misr) – 7-asr arab sarkardasi va siyosatchisi. Dastlab Muhammad paygʻambar va uning taʼlimotlarining eng ashaddiy dushmanlaridan, keyin esa uning eng gʻayratli sahobalaridan biri.

Amr ibn al-Os عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ
Shaxsiy maʼlumotlari
Tavalludi	tax. 573 Makka, Hijoz
Vafoti	tax. 6-yanvar 664-yil(664-01-06) (90 yoshda) Misr, Umaviylar xalifaligi
Turmush oʻrtogʻi	Rayta yoki Hind bint Munabbih ibn al-Hajjaj Bali qabilasidan boʻlgan ismi nomaʼlum ayol Umm Qulsum bint Uqba
Munosabatlari	Banu Sahm (urugʻ)
Bolalari	Abdulloh Muhammad
Ota-onasi	Al-Os ibn Vaʼil Al-Nabigʻa bint Harmala
Harbiy xizmatlari
Xizmat yillari	657–658 629–646
Janglari	Muhammadning yurishlari Zat as-Salosilga bosqin (629) Musulmonlarning Suriyani zabt etishi Dasin jangi (634) Ajnadayn jangi (634) Fahl jangi (635) Damashq qamal (635) Yarmuk jangi (636) Musulmonlarning Misrni zabt etishi Geliopol jangi (640) Bobil qalʼasi qamali (640–641) Iskandariya qamali (641–642) Nikiou jangi (646) Birinchi fitna Siffin jangi (657) Al-Musanna jangi (658)

Tarjimai holi

575 yoki 577-yillarda Makkada tugʻilgan. Amr Makkaning nufuzli Quraysh rahbarlaridan biri boʻlib, uzoq vaqt musulmonlarga qarshi ish olib borgan. U bu mamlakatga hijrat qilgan muhojirlarni qoʻlga olish va ekstraditsiya qilish uchun Efiopiyaga yuborilgan. Musulmonlar Makkadan Madinaga hijrat qilganlaridan keyin Badr, Uhud va Xandaq janglarida ularga qarshi jang qiladilar. 628-yilda Hudaybiya shartnomasini imzolagandan keyin u islom dinini qabul qiladi[4].

Makka fath qilinishidan biroz avval Juzam, Laxm, Kudaa, Amila va Uzra qabilalari musulmonlarga qarshi chiqish niyatida boʻlganlar. Bunga javoban Muhammad paygʻambar ularga qarshi qoʻshin toʻplashni buyurib, ularga boshliq etob Amr ibn al-Osni tayinladi. Musulmonlarning yaqinlashayotganini koʻrib, bu qabilalarning qurolli kuchlari tarqab ketishadi va Amr oʻz qoʻshini bilan Madinaga qaytib ketadi[4].

Makka fath qilinganidan keyin Muhammad paygʻambar uni Suva butini yoʻq qilish uchun yuboradi. Shundan soʻng Amr Muhammadning maktubini shu hudud hukmdoriga yetkazish uchun Ummonga borib, 632-yilda paygʻambar vafotigacha shu yerda qoladi[4].

Xalifa Abu Bakr davrida Amr murtadlarga qarshi muvaffaqiyatli kurashib, keyin Vizantiya bilan urushga kiradi. Suriya va Falastinni bosib olishda qatnashgan va Misrga qarshi harbiy yurish boshlagan. Bu haqda xalifa Umardan soʻradi va xalifa biroz taradduddan soʻng bu yurishga ruxsat beradi. Amr az-Zubayr ibn Avvom qoʻmondonligidagi qoʻshinlar bilan birgalikda Misrning Vizantiya hokimi Mukaukisning qarshiligini sindirishga muvaffaq boʻlgan va Misr tez orada xalifalik qoʻshini nazoratiga oʻtgan. Umar Amrni Misr hokimi etib tayinlagan, biroq soliq qonunbuzarliklari haqidagi shikoyatlar tufayli xalifa Usmon uni bu lavozimdan ozod qilgan. Shundan soʻng Amr vaqtincha siyosatdan uzoqlashadi, xalifa Ali hokimiyatga kelishi bilan yana siyosatga qaytadi[5].

Xalifa davrida Ali Amr Suriya hukmdori Muoviya Ini qoʻllab-quvvatladi va uning qoʻshiniga qoʻmondonlik qila boshladi[5]. Xalifa Ali oʻz vakilini Suriyaga yuborganida, Muoviya va Amr yangi xalifaga bay’at qilishdan bosh tortdilar va uni xalifa Usmonning qotillariga boshpana berganlikda aybladilar[4].

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