Yangi Julfa

Yangi Julfa
Yangi Julfa; forscha: نو جلفا ; armancha: Նոր Ջուղա
	32°38′00″N 51°29′00″E / 32.63333°N 51.48333°E
Mamlakat	Eron
Uston	Isfahon
Shahriston	Isfahon
Shahar	Isfahon
Asos solingan	17-asr boshlari
Rasmiy til(lar)i	forscha
	Yangi Julfa

Yangi Julfa (forscha: نو جلفا, Now Jolfā yoki جلفای نو, Jolfâ-ye Now; armancha: Նոր Ջուղա, Nor Jugha) — Eronning Isfahon shahridagi arman mahallasi. Zoyandarudning janubiy qirgʻogʻida joylashgan.

17-asr boshlarida eski Julfa shahri (hozirgi Eronning Julfa va Ozarbayjonning Julfa shaharlariga boʻlingan) sharafiga shunday nomlangan. U haligacha dunyodagi eng qadimgi va eng katta arman mahallalaridan biri.

Tarixi

Yangi Julfa xaritasi (planimetriya)

Yangi Julfa manzarasi

Yangi Julfa 1606-yilda Safaviylar shohi Abbos I ning farmoni bilan arman mahallasi sifatida tashkil etilgan. 150 000 dan ortiq armanlar Eski Julfadan (Jugha yoki Juła deb ham ataladi) majburan koʻchirilgan. Eron manbalarida armanlar Usmonli imperiyasi taʼqibidan qochib Eronga kelganligi qayd etilgan. Shunga qaramay, tarixiy maʼlumotlarga koʻra, shoh Abbos Julfa aholisining ipak savdosini yaxshi bilishi tufayli ularning Isfahonga koʻchirilishi Eronga foydali boʻladi, degan umidda ularga yaxshi munosabatda boʻlgan^[1]^[2].

Yangi Julfa tashkil etilganidan beri 1747-yilda Nodirshoh vafotidan keyin Rossiyaga koʻchib kelgan Lazaryan zodagonlari oilasi tomonidan boshqarilgan^[3]. Uning aʼzolaridan biri Ivan Lazarev Yekaterina II ning saroy bankiriga aylandi va 1788-yilda imperator grafi etib tayinlandi. Uning akasi Moskvada Lazarev institutini tashkil qildi.

1947-yilda tarixchi Fernand Braudel armanlarning Amsterdamdan Filippindagi Manilagacha choʻzilgan savdo tarmogʻi borligini yozgan. Armanistondagi koʻplab olimlar 60, 70 va 80-yillarda ushbu tarmoqda novatorlik ishlarini amalga oshirgan. Levon Xachikyan va Sushanik Xachikyan Yangi Julfaning bir nechta hisob kitoblarini tahrir qilgan va nashr etgan. Keyingi bir necha asr davomida Yangi Julfa sharqda Kanton, Surabaya va Manila^[4] hamda gʻarbda Kadis, London va Amsterdamgacha postlari boʻlgan, bir nechta savdogarlari Atlantika yoki Tinch okeani orqali Akapulko yoki Mexiko shahriga sayohat qilgan „ilk zamonaviy davrning eng yirik savdo tarmoqlaridan birining“ markaziga aylandi^[5].

1930-yillardagi Muqaddas Najotkor soborining eski fotosurati

Arman savdogar oilalarining katta qismi Yangi Julfada joylashgan edi. Ularning tarqalib ketganligi sababli, qadimgi julfalik koʻplab oilalar^[2]^[1]^[6] Yangi Julfada joylashgan savdo tarmogʻini kengaytirib, Bengaliyada asosiy aholi punkti yaratdilar^[1]. Biroq, baʼzi olimlar Surat, Bengal va Xugli mustaqil tugunlar boʻlganligi va Yangi Julfaning markaziy nazorati ularning Hind okeanidagi savdosi uchun unchalik muhim emasligini taʼkidlaydilar^[4]. Koʻpgina Yangi Julfa armanlari keyinchalik Manila, Hong Kong va Avstraliyada joylashdilar. Ularning tarmoqlari arman manbalari asosida oʻrganilgan^[1]^[2]. Baʼzilar Singapurda ham joylashdilar, u yerda Yangi Julfadan kelgan armanlar mamlakatdagi arman jamoasining asosiy tayanchiga aylandi. Ularning aksariyati savdogarlar edi, lekin 1887-yilda Singapurdagi Raffles mehmonxonasiga asos solgan aka-uka Sarkies (Ter Voskanyan) koʻproq tanilgan.

Yangi Julfadagi Rojdestvo doʻkoni

Yangi Julfa hali ham armanlar yashaydigan hudud boʻlib, arman maktabi va oʻn olti cherkov, jumladan Muqaddas Najotkor sobori mavjud. Yangi Julfadagi armanlar kiyim-kechak borasida Eron qonunlariga rioya qiladilar, lekin Eron hukumati tomonidan himoyalangan alohida arman tili, oʻziga xosligi, oshxonasi va madaniyatini saqlab qoladilar^[7].

Markaziy Osiyo va Kavkaz tadqiqotlari instituti xodimi David Petrosyanning soʻzlariga koʻra, 1998-yilda Yangi Julfada 10-12 ming arman istiqomat qilgan^[8]. Bugungi kunga kelib, u hanuzgacha dunyodagi eng katta etnik arman mahallalaridan biri hisoblanadi.

Diqqatga sazovor joylari

Cherkovlari

Muqaddas Najotkor cherkovi, Yangi Julfa

Muqaddas Najotkor sobori shifti

Xachatur Kesaratsi muzeyi

Arman apostol cherkovi

Muqaddas Najotkor sobori (Surp Amenaprgich, Vank nomi bilan mashhur) — 1655
Muqaddas Yakob cherkovi (Surp Hakop Mdzbena Hayrapet) — 1607
Muqaddas Georiy cherkovi (Surp Gevork) — 1611
Muqaddas Bogoroditsa cherkovi (Surp Asdvadzadzin) — 1613
Muqaddas Stefan cherkovi (Surp Stepanos Nakhavga) — 1614
Muqaddas Ioann Baptist cherkovi (Surp Hovannes Mgrditch) — 1621
Muqaddas Yekaterina monastiri(Surp Katarine) — 1623
Muqaddas Vifleem cherkovi (Surp Betłehem) — 1628
Muqaddas Nikolas cherkovi (Surp Nikołayos Hayrapet) — 1630
Muqaddas Gregori Illuminator cherkovi (Surp Grigor Lusavoritch) — 1633
Muqaddas Sarkis cherkovi (Surp Sarkis) — 1659
Muqaddas Minas cherkovi (Surp Minas) — 1659
Muqaddas Nerses cherkovi (Surp Nerses Medz) — 1666

Rim katolik cherkovi

Bogametriya Rozariya sobori (Dominikan orderi) — 1681/1705

Protestant cherkovi

Avliyo Paul cherkovi — 1875
Yettinchi kun adventistlari — 1957
Xudoning assambleyalari — 1965

Muzeylari

Xachatur Kesaratsi muzeyi, Muqaddas Najotkor sobori tarkibida

Maktablari

Samian (1831-1853)
Katarinyan (1858-hozirga qadar)
Azgayin Kntronakan (1880-hozirga qadar)
Gevorg Kananyan (1905-hozirga qadar)

Mashhur kishilari

Xachatur Kesaratsi muzeyining kirish qismidagi haykallar

Erondagi birinchi nashriyot asoschisi Xachatur Kesaratsining haykali

Arman alifbosi ixtirochisi Mesrop Mashtots haykali

Apkar oilasi — savdogarlar oilasi
Sheriman oilasi — savdogarlar oilasi
De l’Estoile oilasi — savdogarlar oilasi
Lazarian oilasi — zodagonlar oilasi
Aka-uka Sarkislar — ishbilarmon
Xoʻja Safar (vaf. 1618) — Julfa hokimi
Martin Arman (vaf. 1619) — birinchi amerikalik arman / amerikalik eroniy
Azariya Jughayetsi (16-asr) — notarius
Petik va Sanos (16-asr) — savdogarlar
Mesrop Hizoniy (tax. 1560 — tax. 1652) — qoʻlyozma yorituvchisi
Stepanos Dzik Jughayetsi (1583-1647) — yozuvchi
Xachatur Kesaratsi (1590-1646) — arxiyepiskop va noshir
Xoʻja Petros Velijanian (vaf. 1649) — savdogar
Simeon Jughayetsi (vaf. 1657) — olim
Hakob IV Julfalik (1598-1680) — katolikos (1655-80)
Mirman Mirimanidze (17-asr) — Yangi Julfa hokimi
Otarbek (1583-1663) — Yangi Julfa hokimi
Hakop Jughayetsi (17-asr) — qoʻlyozma yorituvchisi
Siet Xachikian (17-asr) — diplomat
Grigor Usta (17-asr) — meʼmor
Hovhannes Jughayetsi Ktreshents (17-asr) — matbaachi
Kostand Jughayetsi (17-asr) — olim
Markara Avanchintz (17-asr) — savdogar
Minas (17-asr) — rassom
Hovhannes Jughayetsi Ktreshents (tax. 1610-tax. 1660) — noshir
Minas Jughayetsi (1610-1670) — rassom
Muhammadbek (vaf. 1671) — Yangi Julfa hokimi
Voskan Yerevantsi (1614-1674) — noshir
Hajji Piriy (vaf. 1694) — Yangi Julfa hokimi
Bogdan Saltanov (1630-1703) — rassom
Hovhannes Mrkouz (1643-1715) — faylasuf
Egaz Norjughayetsi (1650-1734) — musiqachi
Gʻul Arzuniy (1650-1750) — musiqachi
Arzuni Jughayetsi (1650-1750) — musiqachi
Arapiet di Martin (1650-1760) — musiqachi
Stepanos Dashtetsi (1653-1720) — yozuvchi
Abgar Ali Akbar Armaniy (vaf. 1708) — savdogar
Aleksandr I Julfalik (vaf. 1714) — katolikos (1706-14)
Petros di Sargis Gilanents (vaf. 1724) — savdogar
Hagopdjan de Deritchan (vaf. 1726) — diplomat
Xoʻja Petrus Uskan (1680-1751) — savdogar
Ogʻazar di Xachik (1690-1750) — harbiy
Grigor Harutiunian (vaf. 1763) — siyosiy lider
Ogʻazar Lazarian (1700-1782) — savdogar
Zakkariya Seriman (1709-1784) — yozuvchi
Tovmas Xojamalian (tax. 1720-1780) — tarixchi
Shahamir Shahamirian (1723-1798) — siyosiy arbob
Stefano Domeniho Sheriman (1729-1806) — yozuvchi
Ivan Lazarevich Lazarev (1735-1801) — zargar
Petros Kalantarian (1735-1???) — shifokor
Minas Lazarian (1737-1809) — siyosatchi
Astvadsatour Babikian (1738-1825) — yozuvchi
Xachatur Lazarian (1741-1774) — siyosatchi
Hovakim Lazarian (1743-1826) — siyosiy arbob
Nikoghayos Aghababaian (1750-1809) — savdogar
Xachatur Jughayetsi (18-asr) — tarixchi
Movses Baghramian (18-asr) — siyosiy arbob
Tadevos Soginian (18-asr) — siyosiy arbob
Ivan Karapet (18-asr) — siyosiy arbob
George Manuk (1763-1827) — savdogar
Hakob Hovnatanyan (1806-1871) — rassom
Tadevos Avetoumian (1811-1863) — yozuvchi
Zerouni Masehian (1811-18??) — zargar
Megrtich Emin (1815-1890) — olim
Minus Megerdich Zorab (1833-1896) — rassom
Tiruhi Ter-Nahapetian (19-asr) — rassom
Mirza Malkam Khan (1834-1908) — siyosatchi
Martirosxon Davidxanian (1843-1905) — general
Sarkisxon Davidxanian (1846-?) — general
Iskandarxon Davidxanian — professor va general
Markarxon Davidxanian (19-asr) — moliya vaziri
Tiruhi Ter-Nahapetian (19-asr) — rassom
Vittoriya Aganur (1855-1910) — shoir
Minas Manuk Basil (Barseghian) (1857-1922) — shifokor
Diana Abgar (1859-1937) — diplomat
Matevos Ogʻxon Karaxanian (1860-1946) — fotograf
Aratun Stefen (1861-1927) — ishbilarmon
Hovsep Mirzayan (1868-1935) — siyosatchi
Mesrovb Yakob Set (1871-1939) — olim
Hovhannes Abkarian (1875-1931) — musiqachi
Tigran Abgarian (1877-1950) — filolog
Petros Abkar (1884-19??) — siyosatchi
Megrdich Abgar (1884-1967) — arxiyepiskop
Mkrtich Hakobian (1885-1971) — fotograf
Minas Patkerhanian (1885-1972) — fotograf
Markar Galstiants (1888-1985) — meʼmor
Yeghia Velijanian (1889-1976) — rassom
Guregh Israelian (1894-1949) — Quddusning arman patriarxi (1944-49)
Zabel Stepanian-Bartev (1894-1982) — telegraf texnigi
Karo Minassian (1897-1973) — shifokor
Meguertitchxon Davidxanian (1902-1983) — general va siyosatchi
Haykush Ter-Martirosian (1905-1987) — aktrisa
Bersabe Hovsepian (1906-1999) — jamoat arbobi
Rafael Atayan (1907-1990) — yozuvchi
Pogos Petrosian (1907-19??) — yepiskop
Abraham Gurgenian (1908-1991) — rassom
Annik Shefrazian (1909-1996) — aktrisa
Aramais Aghamalian (1910-1985) — kinorejissyor
Johny Baghdasarian (1913-1979) — kinorejissyor
Sumbat Der Kiureghian (1913-1999) — rassom
Yervand Nahapetian (1916-2006) — rassom
Emma Abrahamian (tugʻ. 1919) — haykaltarosh
Alain Jon (1920-1943) — haykaltarosh
Alenush Terian (1920-2011) — astronom va fizik
Levon Minassian (1920-2013) — olim
Sevak Saginian (1921-2003) — siyosatchi
Clara Abkar (1922-1996) — rassom
Hrand Ghoukasian (1927-1996) — shifokor va tarjimon
Arsham Yesayi (tugʻ. 1931) — tennischi
Neshan Sarkissian (Karekin I) (1932-1999) — Yangi Julfa yeparxiyasi prelati (1971-75), Kilikiya katolikosi (1983-94) va Barcha armanlar katolikosi (1994-99)
Nechan Karakéhéyan (tugʻ. 1932) — Yangi Julfaning katolik yepiskopi (2000-05)
Krzysztof Penderecki (tugʻ. 1933) — „Polshaning eng buyuk yashayotgan bastakori“
Nikol Faridani (1935-2008) — fotograf
Grish Davtian (tugʻ. 1935) — shoir
Alek Ter-Xachaturian (tugʻ. 1935) — tarjimon
Grigor Nazarian (tugʻ. 1937) — meʼmor
Varouj Karapetian (tugʻ. 1938) — kinotexnik
Arbi Hovhannisian (tugʻ. 1942) — kinorejissyor
Sako Ghoukasian (1943-2015) — opera xonandasi
George Bournoutian (tugʻ. 1943) — olim
Megerdich Toumanian (tugʻ. 1943) — matematik
Vartan Vartanian (tugʻ. 1943) — siyosatchi
Nelson Shirvanian (1944-2018) — haykaltarosh
Tigran Toumanian (tugʻ. 1946) — kinotexnik
Armen Der Kiureghian (tugʻ. 1947) — olim
Herach Xachaturian (tugʻ. 1948) — siyosatchi
Karo Lukas (1949-2010) — olim
Zaven Ghoukasian (1950-2015) — kinorejissyor
Masis Hambarsounian (tugʻ. 1950) — bokschi
Georgik Abrahamian (tugʻ. 1952) — siyosatchi
Artavazd Baghoumian (tugʻ. 1953) — siyosatchi
Jirayr Kocharian (tugʻ. 1955) — kartograf
Hrant Markarian (tugʻ. 1958) — siyosatchi va Arman inqilobiy federatsiyasi raisi
Robert Beglarian (tugʻ. 1961) — siyosatchi
Vahik Trossian (tugʻ. 1967) — futbolchi
Nairy Baghramian (tugʻ. 1971) — vizual rassom
Aren Davoudi (tugʻ. 1986) — basketbolchi
Oshin Sahakian (tugʻ. 1986) — basketbolchi
Kajayr Hakopian (tugʻ. 1989) — aktyor
Armen Tahmazyan (tugʻ. 1990) — futbolchi

Qardosh shaharlari

Yangi Julfa quyidagi shaharlar bilan birodarlashgan^[9]:

Issy-les-Moulineaux, Fransiya

Galereya

Vank soboriga kirish.
Vank sobori ichkarisi.
Surp Bethłehem cherkovi ichkarisi.
Vank sobori.
Surp Nikołayos Hayrapet Cherkovi.

Manbalar

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 Sushil Chaudhuri and Kéram Kévonian eds., Les Arméniens dans le commerce asiatique au début de l’ere moderne [Armenians in Asian trade in the Early Modern Era], (Paris, 2007).
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 Baghdiantz McCabe, Ina The Shah’s Silk for Europe’s Silver: The Eurasian Silk trade of the Julfan Armenians in Safavid Iran and India (1590–1750). University of Pennsylvania Series, Scholar’s Press, 1999.
↑ „ЛАЗАРЕВЫ • Большая российская энциклопедия - электронная версия“.
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 Bhattacharya, Bhaswatti “Making Money at the Blessed Place of Manilla: Armenians in the Madras- Manila Trade in the Eighteenth Century.” Journal of Global History, (2008),3, 1-20.
↑ Sebouh Aslanian. "The Salt in a Merchant's Letter": The Culture of Julfan Correspondence in the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean. Journal of World History 19 (2008): 127-188
↑ Mesrob Jacob Seth, an Armenian historian
↑ Vasgen Ghougassian The Emergence of the Diocese of New Julfa in the Seventeenth Century, Atlanta, University of Pennsylvania Series), 1998.
↑ Petrosyan, David „ru:Армянская община в Иране“ (ru). Institute for Central Asian and Caucasian Studies (1998). — „...еще 10-12 тысяч - в Исфагане (армяне называют его Новой Джугой)...“.
↑ „Ispahan/Quartier de la Nouvelle-Jolfâ (Iran)“. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 17-fevral.

Adabiyotlar

Yves Bomati and Houchang Nahavandi,Shah Abbas, Emperor of Persia,1587-1629, 2017, ed. Ketab Corporation, Los Angeles, ISBN 978-1595845672, English translation by Azizeh Azodi.
Gregorian, Vartan. “Minorities of Isphahan: The Armenian Community of Isphahan, 1587-1722.” Iranian Studies 7, no. 2 (1974), pp. 652–81.
Aslanian, Sebouh. From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean: The Global Trade Networks of Armenian Merchants from New Julfa. California: University of California Press, 2011 — 1–392 bet. ISBN 978-0520947573.

Havolalar

Eron palatasi jamiyati: Eronning tarixiy cherkovlari
Armeniapedia: Isfahan
New Julda, To be…, rejissyor Arsen Gasparyan — Hayk hujjatli filmlar studiyasi
Isfahondagi Julfa — Erondagi arman cherkovlari va armanlar (Video)
Armeniapedia: Hin Jugha
معماری کلیساهای اصفهان — فصلنامه فرهنگی پیمان

Andoza:Isfahon ustoni

[Kevo-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 Sushil Chaudhuri and Kéram Kévonian eds., Les Arméniens dans le commerce asiatique au début de l’ere moderne [Armenians in Asian trade in the Early Modern Era], (Paris, 2007).

[Baghdian-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 Baghdiantz McCabe, Ina The Shah’s Silk for Europe’s Silver: The Eurasian Silk trade of the Julfan Armenians in Safavid Iran and India (1590–1750). University of Pennsylvania Series, Scholar’s Press, 1999.

[3] „ЛАЗАРЕВЫ • Большая российская энциклопедия - электронная версия“.

[Bhattacharya-4] 4,0 ^4,1 Bhattacharya, Bhaswatti “Making Money at the Blessed Place of Manilla: Armenians in the Madras- Manila Trade in the Eighteenth Century.” Journal of Global History, (2008),3, 1-20.

[5] Sebouh Aslanian. "The Salt in a Merchant's Letter": The Culture of Julfan Correspondence in the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean. Journal of World History 19 (2008): 127-188

[6] Mesrob Jacob Seth, an Armenian historian

[7] Vasgen Ghougassian The Emergence of the Diocese of New Julfa in the Seventeenth Century, Atlanta, University of Pennsylvania Series), 1998.

[8] Petrosyan, David „ru:Армянская община в Иране“ (ru). Institute for Central Asian and Caucasian Studies (1998). — „...еще 10-12 тысяч - в Исфагане (армяне называют его Новой Джугой)...“.

[9] „Ispahan/Quartier de la Nouvelle-Jolfâ (Iran)“. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 17-fevral.

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