Foydalanuvchi:Asadbek Soataliyev/Tobiun

Tobein (arab. اَلتَّابِعُونَ) so‘zi “izdoshlar” yoki “vorislar” ma’nosini bildirib, islom payg‘ambari Muhammad (s.a.v.)ning sahobalariga ergashgan va ularning ta’limotlarini qabul qilib olgan musulmonlar avlodidir ^[1]. Tobein kamida bitta sahoba bilan uchrashgan bo‘lishi talab qilinadi ^[2]. Shu tariqa, tobeinlar islom tafakkuri va islom ilmlari rivojida muhim rol o‘ynaganlar.

Musulmonlarning tobeinlardan keyingi avlodi “taba tobein” deb ataladi. Muhammad (s.a.v.) izdoshlarining dastlabki uch avlodi islomning salaflarini tashkil qiladi.

Ahli sunna aqidasiga ko‘ra tobeinlar ta’rifi

Sunniy musulmon olimlar tobeinni quyidagicha ta’riflaydilar:

Muhammad (s.a.v.)ning sahobalaridan kamida bittasi bilan ko‘rishgan;
To‘g‘ri yo‘lda bo‘lgan (bunda Ahli sunna val-jamoa e’tiqodiga sodiq bo‘lgan kishi nazarda tutiladi);
Va shu holatda vafot etgan musulmon kishi.

Shuning uchun xavorijlar Muhammad (s.a.v.)ning ko‘plab sahobalarini ko‘rgan bo‘lsalar ham, tobein deb atalmaydilar.

Sunniy musulmonlar tobeinlarni sahobalardan keyingi eng yaxshi avlod deb bilishadi. Muhammad (s.a.v.): “Odamlarning yaxshilari mening zamonimdagilardir, soʻng ularga yaqin boʻlganlar, soʻng ularga yaqin boʻlganlardir” deganlar (Imom Buxoriy rivoyati) ^[3].

Koʻpchilik musulmon olimlar tobeinlarni uch toifaga boʻladilar ^[4]:

Makka fathidan oldin islomni qabul qilgan sahobalarning shogirdlari;
Makka fath qilingandan keyin islomni qabul qilgan sahobalarning shogirdlari;
Muhammad (s.a.v.) vafot etganlarida hali voyaga yetmagan sahobalarning shogirdlari.

Tobeinlar ro'yxati

Birinchi tobein hijratdan 30 yil o‘tib vafot etgan Zayd ibn Ma’mar ibn Zayd bo‘lsa, oxirgi tobein Xalaf ibn Xalifa bo‘lib, u hijriy 180-yilda vafot etgan. Shu bilan bir qatorda, Xalaf ibn Xalifaning tobeinligi masalasi ba’zi taniqli ulamolar tomonidan qattiq e’tirozga uchraganligi sababli, tobeinlardan eng oxirgisi hijriy

170-yilda vafot etgan Jarir ibn Hozim bo‘lishi mumkin. Tobeinlardan mashhurlari quyidagilar ^[4]:

Abon ibn Usmon
Abbod ibn Abdulloh az-Zubayr
Abdulloh ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiya
Abdurahmon al-Avzoiy
Abdurahmon ibn Abu Laylo al-Kindiy (vaf. 701) ^[5]
Abu Muslim al-Xavloniy Abu Hanifa (80-150 hijriy) ^[6]^[7]
Ahnaf ibn Qays
Ali ibn Husayn Zaynulobidin
Alqama ibn Qays
Amr ibn Usmon
Omir ash-Sha’biy
Ato ibn Abu Raboh (vaf. 106-hijriy)^[8]
Hammom ibn Munabbih
Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiya (vaf. 100-hijriy)
Hasan Basriy (21-110-hijriy)
Ibn Jurayj
Ibn Kasir al-Makkiy
Ibn Shihob az-Zuhriy (vaf. 124-hijriy) ^[8]
Ibn Sirin
Ja’far as-Sodiq
Molik Dinor
Masruq ibn al-Ajda’ (vaf. 103-hijriy) ^[8]
Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr
Muhammad al-Boqir
Mujohid ibn Jabr
Nofe’ Mavlo Ibn Umar
Qosim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr (vaf. 103-hijriy) ^[8]
Said ibn al-Musayyib (vaf. 93-hijriy) ^[8]
Said ibn Jubayr
Solim ibn Abdulloh
Shayx Habib al-Roi ^[9]
Sulaym ibn Qays
Sulaymon al-A’mash
Tovus ibn Kayson
Ubaydulloh ibn Abdulloh (vaf. 98-hijriy) ^[8]
Umar ibn Abdulaziz
Urva ibn Zubayr (vaf. 94-hijriy) ^[8]
Uvays al-Qaraniy
Vuhayb ibn al-Vard
Yahyo ibn Sa’d (vaf. 143-hijriy) ^[8]
Zayd ibn Ali (vaf. 122-hijriy)
An-Naxaiy (vaf. 714) ^[8]

Shuningdek

Salaf
Sahobalar
Sahobalar ro'yxati
Taba Tobein

Ma'lumotnomalar

↑ Glasse, Cyril (2001). The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Altamira. p. 443. ISBN 0-7591-0189-2..
↑ Esposito, John L. (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. p. 301..
↑ "CRCC: Center For Muslim-Jewish Engagement: Resources: Religious Texts". www.usc.edu. Archived from the original on 2008-12-05..
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 Siddiqi, Muhammad (1993). Hadith Literature (PDF). Oxford: The Islamic Texts Society. p. 29. ISBN 0946621381..
↑ Morony, Michael G. (1984). Iraq after the Muslim Conquest. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 435, 467. ISBN 0-691-05395-2..
↑ Meri, Josef W. (October 31, 2005). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 5. ISBN 9781135456030. "Abu Hanifa is counted among the most illustrious of the Tabi'un (literally "the successors,"which refers to the second generation of Muslims), and some sources relate that he met at least four Companions of the Prophet".
↑ Öncü Sûfîlerden Fudayl b.‘Iyâd’ın (öl. 187/802) İlmî Şahsiyeti." Şırnak Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 11.24 (2020): 159-185. "..Tabi'un are the people who followed Sahaba, the companions of the prophet), is one of the important names in the history of Islamic science. Fudayl, who was an Arab, spent his life in three regions: Khorasan, Kufa, and Mecca. Names such as Abu Hanifa, Mansur bin Mu'temir..".
↑ ^8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 ^8,3 ^8,4 ^8,5 ^8,6 ^8,7 ^8,8 USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts Archived 2006-07-15 at the Wayback Machine.
↑ Hazrat Ali bin Usman Al-Hujwiri (2001). The Kashf Al-Mahjub:A Persian Treatise on Sufism. Justice Karam Shah. Zia-ul-Quran Publications Lahore Pakistan..

[1] Glasse, Cyril (2001). The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Altamira. p. 443. ISBN 0-7591-0189-2..

[2] Esposito, John L. (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. p. 301..

[3] "CRCC: Center For Muslim-Jewish Engagement: Resources: Religious Texts". www.usc.edu. Archived from the original on 2008-12-05..

[:0-4] 4,0 ^4,1 Siddiqi, Muhammad (1993). Hadith Literature (PDF). Oxford: The Islamic Texts Society. p. 29. ISBN 0946621381..

[5] Morony, Michael G. (1984). Iraq after the Muslim Conquest. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 435, 467. ISBN 0-691-05395-2..

[6] Meri, Josef W. (October 31, 2005). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 5. ISBN 9781135456030. "Abu Hanifa is counted among the most illustrious of the Tabi'un (literally "the successors,"which refers to the second generation of Muslims), and some sources relate that he met at least four Companions of the Prophet".

[7] Öncü Sûfîlerden Fudayl b.‘Iyâd’ın (öl. 187/802) İlmî Şahsiyeti." Şırnak Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 11.24 (2020): 159-185. "..Tabi'un are the people who followed Sahaba, the companions of the prophet), is one of the important names in the history of Islamic science. Fudayl, who was an Arab, spent his life in three regions: Khorasan, Kufa, and Mecca. Names such as Abu Hanifa, Mansur bin Mu'temir..".

[:1-8] 8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 ^8,3 ^8,4 ^8,5 ^8,6 ^8,7 ^8,8 USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts Archived 2006-07-15 at the Wayback Machine.

[9] Hazrat Ali bin Usman Al-Hujwiri (2001). The Kashf Al-Mahjub:A Persian Treatise on Sufism. Justice Karam Shah. Zia-ul-Quran Publications Lahore Pakistan..

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